NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
1st line treatment for HTN (non-black, no CKD) - ANSWERS-ACEI (arb),
thiazide, ccb
QUESTION 2
1st line treatment for HTN for black pts (no ckd) - ANSWERS-thiazide, ccb
QUESTION 3
1st line option for HTN for anyone with CKD - ANSWERS-ACEI (arb)
QUESTION 4
Types of diuretics - ANSWERS-thiazides, loop diuretics, k-sparing
END OF
PAGE 1
, NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
QUESTION 5
preferred diuretic with renal impairment - ANSWERS-loop-diuretics
QUESTION 6
diuretics - S/E & D/I - ANSWERS-S/E All - hypokalemia, arrhythmia, metbolic
alkalosis, fatigue, postrual hypotension, hyperlipidemia
S/E for k-sparing - hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, peptic ulcer)
S/E for thiazides - hyperglycemia & hypercalcemia
S/E for loop hypocalcemia
D/I All- digoxin (hypokalemia/toxicity risk), NSAIDs (reduce diuresis), lithium
(toxicity risk), corticosteroids (enhance hypokalemia), anti-diabetic drugs
(decrease anti-diabetic levels)
D/I for thiazides - BB's - increase hyperglycemia/ hyperlipidemia
D/I for loops - aminoglycosides = ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
END OF
PAGE 2
, NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
QUESTION 7
which diuretic causes post diuretic sodium retention - ANSWERS-loop diuretics
post-diuretic effect, a compensatory sodium-retention process that begins as the
diuretic action wanes.
QUESTION 8
Diuretics that do not contain a sulfonamide derivative - ANSWERS-
****ethacrynic acid***
also: amiloride, hydrochloride, eplerenone, spironolactone, and triamterene (safe
for pt with allergy to sulfa)
QUESTION 9
CHF drugs including diuretic choices - ANSWERS-First line: ACEI's or ARB,
Beta-blocker, diuretics (loop & potassium sparing)
-ACEI's & ARB's decrease mortality
-if ACEI contraindicated: use ARB or Hydralizine & Isosorbide (decrease
mortality/less effective than ACEI)
END OF
PAGE 3
, NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
-Beta-blockers: decrease mortality, NEVER when active failure, ONLY after
diuresed & other medications
-Digoxin: add if needed for systolic HF
**if 1st line tx not enough.........*******
Spironolactone & Eplerenone
Nitrates and hydralazine (lower mortality in class 3&4 for African American)
Calcium channel blockers
(Can worsen hf use caution **BUT NEVER IN SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION -
thats for digoxin)
(DA BD is aa sad)
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Beta-Blockers (after acute)
END OF
PAGE 4
FINAL EXAM
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
1st line treatment for HTN (non-black, no CKD) - ANSWERS-ACEI (arb),
thiazide, ccb
QUESTION 2
1st line treatment for HTN for black pts (no ckd) - ANSWERS-thiazide, ccb
QUESTION 3
1st line option for HTN for anyone with CKD - ANSWERS-ACEI (arb)
QUESTION 4
Types of diuretics - ANSWERS-thiazides, loop diuretics, k-sparing
END OF
PAGE 1
, NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
QUESTION 5
preferred diuretic with renal impairment - ANSWERS-loop-diuretics
QUESTION 6
diuretics - S/E & D/I - ANSWERS-S/E All - hypokalemia, arrhythmia, metbolic
alkalosis, fatigue, postrual hypotension, hyperlipidemia
S/E for k-sparing - hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, peptic ulcer)
S/E for thiazides - hyperglycemia & hypercalcemia
S/E for loop hypocalcemia
D/I All- digoxin (hypokalemia/toxicity risk), NSAIDs (reduce diuresis), lithium
(toxicity risk), corticosteroids (enhance hypokalemia), anti-diabetic drugs
(decrease anti-diabetic levels)
D/I for thiazides - BB's - increase hyperglycemia/ hyperlipidemia
D/I for loops - aminoglycosides = ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
END OF
PAGE 2
, NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
QUESTION 7
which diuretic causes post diuretic sodium retention - ANSWERS-loop diuretics
post-diuretic effect, a compensatory sodium-retention process that begins as the
diuretic action wanes.
QUESTION 8
Diuretics that do not contain a sulfonamide derivative - ANSWERS-
****ethacrynic acid***
also: amiloride, hydrochloride, eplerenone, spironolactone, and triamterene (safe
for pt with allergy to sulfa)
QUESTION 9
CHF drugs including diuretic choices - ANSWERS-First line: ACEI's or ARB,
Beta-blocker, diuretics (loop & potassium sparing)
-ACEI's & ARB's decrease mortality
-if ACEI contraindicated: use ARB or Hydralizine & Isosorbide (decrease
mortality/less effective than ACEI)
END OF
PAGE 3
, NR 508 PHARMACOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
-Beta-blockers: decrease mortality, NEVER when active failure, ONLY after
diuresed & other medications
-Digoxin: add if needed for systolic HF
**if 1st line tx not enough.........*******
Spironolactone & Eplerenone
Nitrates and hydralazine (lower mortality in class 3&4 for African American)
Calcium channel blockers
(Can worsen hf use caution **BUT NEVER IN SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION -
thats for digoxin)
(DA BD is aa sad)
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Beta-Blockers (after acute)
END OF
PAGE 4
