UMICH ANTHRO 101 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH 100% PASS
Homologies - Answersimilarities jointly inherited from a common ancestor
/.Analogies - Answernot jointly inherited; similarities due to adapting in similar ways
/.Sexual dimorphism - Answerpronounced anatomical and behavioral differences
between males and females
/.Brachiation - Answerswinging from branch to branch
/.Primate adaptations - Answer1. grasping ability: arboreal; tree dwelling, opposable
thumb, precision grip (important in tool manufactoring and other motor tasks), nails
protect fingers while still providing grasp ability
2. smell to sight: sharper vision; primates eyes are larger in relative to nose, helps in
better depth
3. nose to hand: learn through touch
4. increased brain complexity: primate brains are much larger and more complex
5. parental investment: single offspring, more attention
6. sociality: primates are social animals; like to be around each other, more care for
offspring means more people help in their care=more sociability required
/.Arboreal - Answerlive in trees and are less sexually dimorphic
/.Terrestrial - Answerlive on the ground and are more sexually dimorphic
/.Prehensile tail - Answer"grasping": characteristic of arboreal animals, spider monkey
/.Three attributes of language - AnswerCultural transmission: learning language from
others (Koko teaching the cat sign language)
Productivity: combining signs to make meaningful new expressions (Koko:
Radish=cry+hurt+fruit, Ketchup=tomato+toothpaste)
Displacement: referring to things that aren't present (lying: complex use of
displacement)
/.Human-primate similarities - Answer1. learning (baboons, chimps use medicinal
leaves)
2. tools (chimps make tools by chewing up leaves)
3. hunting (chimps hunt baby baboons)
/.Human-primate differences - Answer1. anatomical (brain size, walk)
, 2. sharing and cooperation (core of society)
3. aggression and dominance
4. mating and kinship
/.Hominid - Answerall members of the great apes lineage (diverging from the lesser
apes), including gorillas, chimps and humans
/.Hominin - Answerall members of the human lineage, after diverging from ancestral
apes
/.Bipedalism - Answerbipedal locomotion (walking upright) changes: pelvis, spine;
humans: curved spine, others: straight spine (importance and advantages)
/.Australopithecus Afarensis - Answer3.8-3.0 mya, located in east africa, hominin with
some apelike features bipedal
/.Robust - Answer(larger, heavier), Paranthropus Robustus(1.9-1 mya), Paranthropus
Boisei(2.3-1.4 mya), Homo Habilis(2.8-1.4 mya)
/.tool traditions and associated hominins - AnswerLower Paleolithic (Homo Erectus):
first tools Oldowan (pebble tools: all purpose) then Acheulian tools (multi purpose hand
ax)
Middle Paleolithic (Arachaic H. Sapiens and Neandertals): new more advanced tools,
Mousterian tools
Upper Paleolithic (AMHs): blades, composite tools (bow and arrows, spears) more and
more complex
/.Neandertals and their place in the hominin line - AnswerIn Europe, wore clothes and
made elaborate tools to deal with cold. Neandertals mated with Sapiens and therefore
are likely not a separate subspecies but likely a racial construct created by early
hominins
/.Upper paleolithic cave drawing - AnswerFrance and Spain walls and ceilings painted
with images of big-game animals
1. magic or ritual: caves used for ceremonies
2. historical record: calender to record events, hunting information
3. attempt to control animal reproduction, promote fertility
4. response to animal scarcity: paintings increased as herds decreased
/.Relative dating - Answerdating is relative to something else
/.Absolute dating - Answerdates are precise in numbers
/.Stratigraphy - Answerfossils in the lower layers are older than the ones above them
QUESTIONS WITH 100% PASS
Homologies - Answersimilarities jointly inherited from a common ancestor
/.Analogies - Answernot jointly inherited; similarities due to adapting in similar ways
/.Sexual dimorphism - Answerpronounced anatomical and behavioral differences
between males and females
/.Brachiation - Answerswinging from branch to branch
/.Primate adaptations - Answer1. grasping ability: arboreal; tree dwelling, opposable
thumb, precision grip (important in tool manufactoring and other motor tasks), nails
protect fingers while still providing grasp ability
2. smell to sight: sharper vision; primates eyes are larger in relative to nose, helps in
better depth
3. nose to hand: learn through touch
4. increased brain complexity: primate brains are much larger and more complex
5. parental investment: single offspring, more attention
6. sociality: primates are social animals; like to be around each other, more care for
offspring means more people help in their care=more sociability required
/.Arboreal - Answerlive in trees and are less sexually dimorphic
/.Terrestrial - Answerlive on the ground and are more sexually dimorphic
/.Prehensile tail - Answer"grasping": characteristic of arboreal animals, spider monkey
/.Three attributes of language - AnswerCultural transmission: learning language from
others (Koko teaching the cat sign language)
Productivity: combining signs to make meaningful new expressions (Koko:
Radish=cry+hurt+fruit, Ketchup=tomato+toothpaste)
Displacement: referring to things that aren't present (lying: complex use of
displacement)
/.Human-primate similarities - Answer1. learning (baboons, chimps use medicinal
leaves)
2. tools (chimps make tools by chewing up leaves)
3. hunting (chimps hunt baby baboons)
/.Human-primate differences - Answer1. anatomical (brain size, walk)
, 2. sharing and cooperation (core of society)
3. aggression and dominance
4. mating and kinship
/.Hominid - Answerall members of the great apes lineage (diverging from the lesser
apes), including gorillas, chimps and humans
/.Hominin - Answerall members of the human lineage, after diverging from ancestral
apes
/.Bipedalism - Answerbipedal locomotion (walking upright) changes: pelvis, spine;
humans: curved spine, others: straight spine (importance and advantages)
/.Australopithecus Afarensis - Answer3.8-3.0 mya, located in east africa, hominin with
some apelike features bipedal
/.Robust - Answer(larger, heavier), Paranthropus Robustus(1.9-1 mya), Paranthropus
Boisei(2.3-1.4 mya), Homo Habilis(2.8-1.4 mya)
/.tool traditions and associated hominins - AnswerLower Paleolithic (Homo Erectus):
first tools Oldowan (pebble tools: all purpose) then Acheulian tools (multi purpose hand
ax)
Middle Paleolithic (Arachaic H. Sapiens and Neandertals): new more advanced tools,
Mousterian tools
Upper Paleolithic (AMHs): blades, composite tools (bow and arrows, spears) more and
more complex
/.Neandertals and their place in the hominin line - AnswerIn Europe, wore clothes and
made elaborate tools to deal with cold. Neandertals mated with Sapiens and therefore
are likely not a separate subspecies but likely a racial construct created by early
hominins
/.Upper paleolithic cave drawing - AnswerFrance and Spain walls and ceilings painted
with images of big-game animals
1. magic or ritual: caves used for ceremonies
2. historical record: calender to record events, hunting information
3. attempt to control animal reproduction, promote fertility
4. response to animal scarcity: paintings increased as herds decreased
/.Relative dating - Answerdating is relative to something else
/.Absolute dating - Answerdates are precise in numbers
/.Stratigraphy - Answerfossils in the lower layers are older than the ones above them
