World History AP
Unit 1, Section 1.2 Developments in Dar al-Islam
Muhammad: The founder of Islam and Islam would spread rapidly after Mohammed’s death in 632 through military actions and
the proclaimer of the Qur’an activities of merchants and missionaries, with it reaching India and Spain.
House of Wisdom: Royal library Many Islamic leaders would accept Christians, Jews, and others who believed in one god and
maintained by the Abbasid caliphs in did good works. Scholars under the Abbasid Empire traveled to Baghdad to study at the
Baghdad House of Wisdom where Islams transferred knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia.
Mamluks: Enslaved people, frequently The Abbasid Empire would face challenges such as conflicts with nomadic groups in Central
ethnic Turks from Central Asia to Asia and European invaders.
serve as soldiers and bureaucrats
Arabs would purchase Mamluks, who were enslaved people often ethnic Turks, to serve as
Mamluk Sultanate: A state founded soldiers and bureaucrats. They would have more opportunities to advance than most
and ruled by Mamluks, lasted from 1250 enslaved people and would seize the control of the government in Egypt, establishing the
to 1517 Mamluk Sultanate. The Mamluk Sultanate would prosper from trade in cotton and sugar,
but declined in power due to new sea routes found by the Portuguese and other Europeans.
Seljuk Turks: A Sunni Muslim dynasty
that lasted from 1039 to 1194 Seljuk Turks were also a problem, conquering parts of the Middle East and extending their
power as far as China. Their leader would call themselves sultan, and reduced the role of
Crusaders: Groups of Christian soldiers the highest-ranking Abbasid from caliph to chief Sunni religious authority.
organized to take the Holy Land from
Muslims The Abbasids would allow Christians to travel easily to and from their holy sites in and
around Jerusalem, but the Seljuk Turks would limit this travel. European Christians would
Mongols: East Asian ethnic group form groups of soldiers named Crusaders to open access.
native to Mongolia and somewhat of
China The Mongols would also attack the empire and conquer the rest of it in 1258 and end Seljuk
rule, and continued to push westward but stopped in Egypt by the Mamluks.
Baghdad: Previously capital of the
Abbasid empire, now the capital of Iraq The Abbasids were an important link connecting Asia, Europe, and North Africa. With goods
and ideas flowing from one region to another, many through Baghdad, Trade patterns would
Abbasid Caliphate: An Islamic empire shift to routes further north, and Baghdad would lose its role as center of trade and lost
lasting from 750 to 1258 wealth and population. It wasn’t able to afford repairing the canals, farmers couldn’t feed
the population, and the infrastructure began to decay.
What challenges did the Abbasid Empire
face? The Islamic world would fragment politically, with new states adopting Abbasid practices
➔ The Mamluks would yet being distinct ethnically. Later Islamic states would be shaped by Turkic peoples,
overthrow the Egyptian instead of Arabs and Persians like the Abbasid Caliphate. The Mamluks, Seljuks, and Delhi
government and form the Sultanate were all partially Turkic. By the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid
Mamluk Sultanate. Empire, and Mughal Empire all had their roots in Turkic cultures.
➔ Seljuk Turks and Mongols
were attacking the empire, These states would form a cultural region, with trade spreading new goods and fresh ideas.
with the Mongols conquering The use of shariah created similar legal systems. And great universities around the world
and ending the empire. created centers for sharing intellectual inventions.
How did Islamic scholars learn from Islamic scholars would learn from many cultures, following the advice of prophet
other scholars? Mohammed: “Go in quest of knowledge even unto China.” They would also carry on the
➔ They would translate Greek work of earlier thinkers as well.
Unit 1, Section 1.2 Developments in Dar al-Islam
Muhammad: The founder of Islam and Islam would spread rapidly after Mohammed’s death in 632 through military actions and
the proclaimer of the Qur’an activities of merchants and missionaries, with it reaching India and Spain.
House of Wisdom: Royal library Many Islamic leaders would accept Christians, Jews, and others who believed in one god and
maintained by the Abbasid caliphs in did good works. Scholars under the Abbasid Empire traveled to Baghdad to study at the
Baghdad House of Wisdom where Islams transferred knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia.
Mamluks: Enslaved people, frequently The Abbasid Empire would face challenges such as conflicts with nomadic groups in Central
ethnic Turks from Central Asia to Asia and European invaders.
serve as soldiers and bureaucrats
Arabs would purchase Mamluks, who were enslaved people often ethnic Turks, to serve as
Mamluk Sultanate: A state founded soldiers and bureaucrats. They would have more opportunities to advance than most
and ruled by Mamluks, lasted from 1250 enslaved people and would seize the control of the government in Egypt, establishing the
to 1517 Mamluk Sultanate. The Mamluk Sultanate would prosper from trade in cotton and sugar,
but declined in power due to new sea routes found by the Portuguese and other Europeans.
Seljuk Turks: A Sunni Muslim dynasty
that lasted from 1039 to 1194 Seljuk Turks were also a problem, conquering parts of the Middle East and extending their
power as far as China. Their leader would call themselves sultan, and reduced the role of
Crusaders: Groups of Christian soldiers the highest-ranking Abbasid from caliph to chief Sunni religious authority.
organized to take the Holy Land from
Muslims The Abbasids would allow Christians to travel easily to and from their holy sites in and
around Jerusalem, but the Seljuk Turks would limit this travel. European Christians would
Mongols: East Asian ethnic group form groups of soldiers named Crusaders to open access.
native to Mongolia and somewhat of
China The Mongols would also attack the empire and conquer the rest of it in 1258 and end Seljuk
rule, and continued to push westward but stopped in Egypt by the Mamluks.
Baghdad: Previously capital of the
Abbasid empire, now the capital of Iraq The Abbasids were an important link connecting Asia, Europe, and North Africa. With goods
and ideas flowing from one region to another, many through Baghdad, Trade patterns would
Abbasid Caliphate: An Islamic empire shift to routes further north, and Baghdad would lose its role as center of trade and lost
lasting from 750 to 1258 wealth and population. It wasn’t able to afford repairing the canals, farmers couldn’t feed
the population, and the infrastructure began to decay.
What challenges did the Abbasid Empire
face? The Islamic world would fragment politically, with new states adopting Abbasid practices
➔ The Mamluks would yet being distinct ethnically. Later Islamic states would be shaped by Turkic peoples,
overthrow the Egyptian instead of Arabs and Persians like the Abbasid Caliphate. The Mamluks, Seljuks, and Delhi
government and form the Sultanate were all partially Turkic. By the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid
Mamluk Sultanate. Empire, and Mughal Empire all had their roots in Turkic cultures.
➔ Seljuk Turks and Mongols
were attacking the empire, These states would form a cultural region, with trade spreading new goods and fresh ideas.
with the Mongols conquering The use of shariah created similar legal systems. And great universities around the world
and ending the empire. created centers for sharing intellectual inventions.
How did Islamic scholars learn from Islamic scholars would learn from many cultures, following the advice of prophet
other scholars? Mohammed: “Go in quest of knowledge even unto China.” They would also carry on the
➔ They would translate Greek work of earlier thinkers as well.
