NUR215 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED
What are the four principles of medication administration?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolsm
Excretion
Absorption
Passage of med into bloodstream
Distribution
Occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and specific sites of action
Metabolism
Medications are metabolized into less potent or an inactive form
Biotransformation occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down, and
remove active chemicals
Excretion
Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body
What affects absorption?
-Route
-Blood flow
-Body surface
-Lipid solubility
-Client specific factors
What affects distribution?
-Physical and chemical properties of meds
-Physiology of the person taking it: Circualation, Membrane permeability, protein binding
What affects metabolism?
-Genetics
-Age
-Older slows down
What affects excretion?
Chemical makeup of medication determines organ of excretion
What are the different types of medication actions?
-Therapeutic effect
-Adverse effect
-Side effect
-Toxic effect
-Idiosyncratic reaction
-Allergic reaction
Therapeutic effect
Expected/predicted response
Adverse effect
unintended/undersirable/unpredicted event
Side effect
predictable/unavoidable secondary response
, Toxic effect
accumulation of medication in the blood
idiosyncratic effect
unpredictable/different than normal
Allergic reaction
Unpredictable responses to a med
What is the nursing intervention if a patient has a severe reaction to a med?
Immediately stop administering the medication to the patient
Polypharmacy
Clients are taking 5 or more meds at home
What is the risk of polypharmacy?
Highly prone to adverse effects because of the number of drugs they take. Leading to
changes in physiological status
Who is at risk for polypharmacy?
People with multiple disease processes seeing multiple providers are prone to adverse
effects
What are the nurses' roles in medication administration?
-Determines the medications ordered are correct
-Assess patient's ability to self administrate
-Determines med timing
-Adinister correctly
-Closely monitor
-Provide education
-Does not delegate to CNAs
What information makes a medication order/prescription from a provider
complete?
-Full name
-Date and time of prescription
-Name of the medication (generic or brand)
-Strength and dosage of the medication
-Route of administration
-Time and frequency of administration: exact times or number of times per day
-Quantity to dispense and the number of refills
-Signature of the prescribing provider
Medication error
Any avoidable event that could result in incorrect use or client injury when a medication
is with a nurse, provider, or client
-Most common error in healthcare
How do medication errors occur?
Errors occur throughout the system but nurses are the last line of defense
What should nurses do if a medication error occurs?
Nurses must be vigilant while preparing and administering medications
-If an error occurs, assess the client, examine, and notify the provider
-Report all errors even if they won't cause harm
-Nurses need to report errors without fear of repercussions
How can nurse's prevent medication errors from occurring?
What are the four principles of medication administration?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolsm
Excretion
Absorption
Passage of med into bloodstream
Distribution
Occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and specific sites of action
Metabolism
Medications are metabolized into less potent or an inactive form
Biotransformation occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down, and
remove active chemicals
Excretion
Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body
What affects absorption?
-Route
-Blood flow
-Body surface
-Lipid solubility
-Client specific factors
What affects distribution?
-Physical and chemical properties of meds
-Physiology of the person taking it: Circualation, Membrane permeability, protein binding
What affects metabolism?
-Genetics
-Age
-Older slows down
What affects excretion?
Chemical makeup of medication determines organ of excretion
What are the different types of medication actions?
-Therapeutic effect
-Adverse effect
-Side effect
-Toxic effect
-Idiosyncratic reaction
-Allergic reaction
Therapeutic effect
Expected/predicted response
Adverse effect
unintended/undersirable/unpredicted event
Side effect
predictable/unavoidable secondary response
, Toxic effect
accumulation of medication in the blood
idiosyncratic effect
unpredictable/different than normal
Allergic reaction
Unpredictable responses to a med
What is the nursing intervention if a patient has a severe reaction to a med?
Immediately stop administering the medication to the patient
Polypharmacy
Clients are taking 5 or more meds at home
What is the risk of polypharmacy?
Highly prone to adverse effects because of the number of drugs they take. Leading to
changes in physiological status
Who is at risk for polypharmacy?
People with multiple disease processes seeing multiple providers are prone to adverse
effects
What are the nurses' roles in medication administration?
-Determines the medications ordered are correct
-Assess patient's ability to self administrate
-Determines med timing
-Adinister correctly
-Closely monitor
-Provide education
-Does not delegate to CNAs
What information makes a medication order/prescription from a provider
complete?
-Full name
-Date and time of prescription
-Name of the medication (generic or brand)
-Strength and dosage of the medication
-Route of administration
-Time and frequency of administration: exact times or number of times per day
-Quantity to dispense and the number of refills
-Signature of the prescribing provider
Medication error
Any avoidable event that could result in incorrect use or client injury when a medication
is with a nurse, provider, or client
-Most common error in healthcare
How do medication errors occur?
Errors occur throughout the system but nurses are the last line of defense
What should nurses do if a medication error occurs?
Nurses must be vigilant while preparing and administering medications
-If an error occurs, assess the client, examine, and notify the provider
-Report all errors even if they won't cause harm
-Nurses need to report errors without fear of repercussions
How can nurse's prevent medication errors from occurring?
