NUR215 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Acute _________is an acute inflammation of the pancreas.
pancreatitis
In Acute Pancreatitis, Spillage of pancreatic ______into surrounding pancreatic
tissue causes a_________ and severe pain. The degree of inflammation varies
from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic n________.
enzymes, autodigestion, necrosis
The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is g__________ disease
(gallstones), which is more common in ________. The second most common
cause is chronic _______use. This is more common in men.
gallbladder, women, alcohol
Acute Pancreatitis is less common causes include d_____ reactions, ______
cancer, and hyper_________ (serum levels over 1000 mg/dL). Biliary _______ and
microlithiasis, which is a mix of cholesterol crystals and calcium salts, can be
present in patients with acute pancreatitis.
drug, pancreatic, hypertriglyceridemia, sludge
The most common pathogenic mechanism in acute pancreatitis is _________of
the pancreas.
autodigestion
The causative factors of pancreatitis, injure pancreatic cells or activate the
pancreatic enzymes in the ________ rather than in the intestine.
pancreas
Activation of the pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas rather than in the intestine
is due to the reflux of _____acids into the pancreatic ______ through an open or
distended sphincter of _____. This reflux may be caused by blockage created by
g______. Obstruction of pancreatic ducts results in pancreatic i______.
bile, ducts, Oddi, gallstones, ischemia
The exact mechanism by which chronic _______ use predisposes a person to
pancreatitis is not known. We think that alcohol ______ the production of
digestive enzymes in the pancreas.
alcohol, increases
The pathophysiologic involvement of acute pancreatitis is classified as either
mild pancreatitis (also known as e__________or i________pancreatitis) or severe
pancreatitis (also called n_______pancreatitis)
edematous, interstitial, necrotizing
In severe pancreatitis, about half the patients have p______ decreases in
pancreatic e______and e______ function. Patients with severe pancreatitis are at
high risk for developing pancreatic n______, o______failure, and s_____
complications, resulting in an overall fatality rate of 5%.
permanent, endocrine, exocrine, necrosis, organ, septic
________pain is the main manifestation of acute pancreatitis.
abdominal
In acute pancreatitis, abdominal pain is due to distention of the p_______, p_____
irritation, and obstruction of the ______ tract.
pancreas, peritoneal, bilary
, Location of acute pancreatitis pain is usually in the _____ upper quadrant, but it
may be ____-epigastric. It often radiates to the _____ due to the retroperitoneal
location of the pancreas.
left, mid, back
Pancreatic pain has a ______ onset.
sudden
Pancreatic Pain is described as severe, _____, p_____, and c______ or steady.
______ worsens the pain.
deep, piercing, continuous, eating
Acute pancreatitis starts when the patient is _________. Pain is not relieved by
v______ and may be accompanied by f______, c_____, and d______. The patient
may assume various positions involving f_______ of the spine to try to relieve the
severe pain.
recumbent, vomiting, flushing, cyanosis, dyspnea, flexion
In Acute Pancreatitis, Abdominal tenderness with muscle g______ is common.
guarding
In Acute Pancreatitis, Bowel sounds may be _______ or absent.
decreased
In Acute Pancreatitis, Paralytic _______ may occur and causes marked abdominal
______. The lungs are often involved with _______ present.
illeus, distention, crackles
In Acute Pancreatitis, Intravascular damage from circulating t_______ (a
proteolytic enzyme) may cause areas of ______ or _______ to yellow-brown
discoloration of the abdominal wall.
trypsin, cyanosis, greenish
In Acute Pancreatitis, Other areas of ecchymoses are the flanks (_____ Turner'
spots or sign, a bluish _____ discoloration) and the p_________ area (______
sign, a bluish periumbilical discoloration). These result from seepage of b_______
e______ from the pancreas and may occur in severe cases.
grey, flank, periumbilical, Cullen's, bloodstained, exudate
In Acute Pancreatitis, ______ may occur from hemorrhage into the pancreas,
t______ from the activated pancreatic enzymes, or h_________ due to fluid shift
into the retroperitoneal space (massive fluid shifts).
shock, toxemia, hypovolemia
The severity of acute pancreatitis depends on the _______ of pancreatic
destruction. Acute pancreatitis can be life threatening.
extent
Two significant local complications of acute pancreatitis are ________ and
_______.
pseudocysts, abscess
In acute pancreatitis pseudocyst is an accumulation of _______, ______ enzymes,
t_____ debris, and inflammatory e_______ surrounded by a wall next to the
pancreas.
fluid, pancreatic, tissue, exudates
In acute pancreatitis manifestations of a pseudocyst are ________ pain, palpable
______ mass, nausea, vomiting, and ______.
Acute _________is an acute inflammation of the pancreas.
pancreatitis
In Acute Pancreatitis, Spillage of pancreatic ______into surrounding pancreatic
tissue causes a_________ and severe pain. The degree of inflammation varies
from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic n________.
enzymes, autodigestion, necrosis
The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is g__________ disease
(gallstones), which is more common in ________. The second most common
cause is chronic _______use. This is more common in men.
gallbladder, women, alcohol
Acute Pancreatitis is less common causes include d_____ reactions, ______
cancer, and hyper_________ (serum levels over 1000 mg/dL). Biliary _______ and
microlithiasis, which is a mix of cholesterol crystals and calcium salts, can be
present in patients with acute pancreatitis.
drug, pancreatic, hypertriglyceridemia, sludge
The most common pathogenic mechanism in acute pancreatitis is _________of
the pancreas.
autodigestion
The causative factors of pancreatitis, injure pancreatic cells or activate the
pancreatic enzymes in the ________ rather than in the intestine.
pancreas
Activation of the pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas rather than in the intestine
is due to the reflux of _____acids into the pancreatic ______ through an open or
distended sphincter of _____. This reflux may be caused by blockage created by
g______. Obstruction of pancreatic ducts results in pancreatic i______.
bile, ducts, Oddi, gallstones, ischemia
The exact mechanism by which chronic _______ use predisposes a person to
pancreatitis is not known. We think that alcohol ______ the production of
digestive enzymes in the pancreas.
alcohol, increases
The pathophysiologic involvement of acute pancreatitis is classified as either
mild pancreatitis (also known as e__________or i________pancreatitis) or severe
pancreatitis (also called n_______pancreatitis)
edematous, interstitial, necrotizing
In severe pancreatitis, about half the patients have p______ decreases in
pancreatic e______and e______ function. Patients with severe pancreatitis are at
high risk for developing pancreatic n______, o______failure, and s_____
complications, resulting in an overall fatality rate of 5%.
permanent, endocrine, exocrine, necrosis, organ, septic
________pain is the main manifestation of acute pancreatitis.
abdominal
In acute pancreatitis, abdominal pain is due to distention of the p_______, p_____
irritation, and obstruction of the ______ tract.
pancreas, peritoneal, bilary
, Location of acute pancreatitis pain is usually in the _____ upper quadrant, but it
may be ____-epigastric. It often radiates to the _____ due to the retroperitoneal
location of the pancreas.
left, mid, back
Pancreatic pain has a ______ onset.
sudden
Pancreatic Pain is described as severe, _____, p_____, and c______ or steady.
______ worsens the pain.
deep, piercing, continuous, eating
Acute pancreatitis starts when the patient is _________. Pain is not relieved by
v______ and may be accompanied by f______, c_____, and d______. The patient
may assume various positions involving f_______ of the spine to try to relieve the
severe pain.
recumbent, vomiting, flushing, cyanosis, dyspnea, flexion
In Acute Pancreatitis, Abdominal tenderness with muscle g______ is common.
guarding
In Acute Pancreatitis, Bowel sounds may be _______ or absent.
decreased
In Acute Pancreatitis, Paralytic _______ may occur and causes marked abdominal
______. The lungs are often involved with _______ present.
illeus, distention, crackles
In Acute Pancreatitis, Intravascular damage from circulating t_______ (a
proteolytic enzyme) may cause areas of ______ or _______ to yellow-brown
discoloration of the abdominal wall.
trypsin, cyanosis, greenish
In Acute Pancreatitis, Other areas of ecchymoses are the flanks (_____ Turner'
spots or sign, a bluish _____ discoloration) and the p_________ area (______
sign, a bluish periumbilical discoloration). These result from seepage of b_______
e______ from the pancreas and may occur in severe cases.
grey, flank, periumbilical, Cullen's, bloodstained, exudate
In Acute Pancreatitis, ______ may occur from hemorrhage into the pancreas,
t______ from the activated pancreatic enzymes, or h_________ due to fluid shift
into the retroperitoneal space (massive fluid shifts).
shock, toxemia, hypovolemia
The severity of acute pancreatitis depends on the _______ of pancreatic
destruction. Acute pancreatitis can be life threatening.
extent
Two significant local complications of acute pancreatitis are ________ and
_______.
pseudocysts, abscess
In acute pancreatitis pseudocyst is an accumulation of _______, ______ enzymes,
t_____ debris, and inflammatory e_______ surrounded by a wall next to the
pancreas.
fluid, pancreatic, tissue, exudates
In acute pancreatitis manifestations of a pseudocyst are ________ pain, palpable
______ mass, nausea, vomiting, and ______.
