Valvular Heart Disease | Questions and Answers
1.What does the tricuspid valve separate?: right atrium and right ventricle
2.What does the mitral valve separate?: left atrium and left ventricle
3.What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?: tricuspid
(right) mitral/bicuspid (left)
4.What does the pulmonic SL valve separate?: right ventricle and
pulmonary trunk
5.What does the aortic SL valve separate?: left ventricle and aorta ’ rest of
body
6.What are the semilunar (SL) valves?:
pulmonic aortic
7.What can a change in leaflet numbers cause?: 1. increased stress on
valve
2. accelerated damage ’ increased risk of valve disease at earlier age
8.What are the ways that a valve can be dysfunctional?: problem in
valve opening properly or closing properly
9.What is stenosis?: 1. problem with opening properly
2.valve is thickened and stiff
3.smaller lumen
4.problem with blood flowing through vessel
10.What is regurgitation?: 1. problem with valves closing properly
2. valves no longer meet up ’ leave opening
11.What are consequences of valvular stenosis and regurgitation on the
left side of the heart?: if blood isn't pumped out through aorta ’ blood
backs up into pulmonary veins ’ pulmonary venous congestion
12.What are consequences of valvular stenosis and regurgitation on the
right side of the heart?: if blood isn't pumped out through pulmonary
artery ’ blood backs up into vena cava ’ systemic venous congestion
13.What does valvular heart disease increase risk of death from?: CV
disease
14.What are the pros of a mechanical valve replacement?: 1. longer lasting
2.better in younger patients
3.larger orifice
15.What are the cons of a mechanical valve replacement?: 1. higher risk
of thromboembolism
2. lifelong anticoagulation
16.What are the pros of a bio-prosthetic valve replacement?: 1. better in
older patients
2.lower risk of thromboembolism
3.no need for anticoagulation
, Valvular Heart Disease | Questions and Answers
17.What are the cons of a bio-prosthetic valve replacement?: 1. less durable
2. smaller orifice
, Valvular Heart Disease | Questions and Answers
18.What is mitral valve stenosis?: narrowing of the mitral valve orifice
with thick- ening or fusion of the leaflets
19.What are symptoms of severe mitral stenosis?: 1. fatigue
2.exertional dyspnea
3. orthopnea
20.What are symptoms of mitral stenosis often precipitated by?: onset of
AFib pregnancy
21.When is intervention indicated with mitral stenosis?: 1. symptomatic
2. AFib
3.evidence of pulm HTN
22.What is the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis?: involves at least
one of these:
1.thickening of leaflets
2.fusion of mitral commissures
3.retraction, thickening, and fusion of the chordae
4.calcium deposition in the valve
23.What does mitral stenosis cause?: increase in L atrial
pressure decreased filling
24.What happens to the heart over time with mitral stenosis?: 1. L
atrium becomes dilated
2.decreased CO
3.develop CHF
25.What causes mitral valve stenosis?: 1. rheumatic heart disease (GABH
strep)
2.congenital heart disease
3.calcium deposition
4. SLE
5. RA
26.What are the symptoms of mitral stenosis?: 1. L and R sided HF
symptoms
2. hemoptysis
3. hoarseness
4.acute/chronic AFib
27.What are the symptoms of L sided heart failure?: 1. exertional dyspnea
2. orthopnea
3.paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
4. fatigue
28.What are the symptoms of R sided heart failure?: 1. edema
2. ascites
1.What does the tricuspid valve separate?: right atrium and right ventricle
2.What does the mitral valve separate?: left atrium and left ventricle
3.What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?: tricuspid
(right) mitral/bicuspid (left)
4.What does the pulmonic SL valve separate?: right ventricle and
pulmonary trunk
5.What does the aortic SL valve separate?: left ventricle and aorta ’ rest of
body
6.What are the semilunar (SL) valves?:
pulmonic aortic
7.What can a change in leaflet numbers cause?: 1. increased stress on
valve
2. accelerated damage ’ increased risk of valve disease at earlier age
8.What are the ways that a valve can be dysfunctional?: problem in
valve opening properly or closing properly
9.What is stenosis?: 1. problem with opening properly
2.valve is thickened and stiff
3.smaller lumen
4.problem with blood flowing through vessel
10.What is regurgitation?: 1. problem with valves closing properly
2. valves no longer meet up ’ leave opening
11.What are consequences of valvular stenosis and regurgitation on the
left side of the heart?: if blood isn't pumped out through aorta ’ blood
backs up into pulmonary veins ’ pulmonary venous congestion
12.What are consequences of valvular stenosis and regurgitation on the
right side of the heart?: if blood isn't pumped out through pulmonary
artery ’ blood backs up into vena cava ’ systemic venous congestion
13.What does valvular heart disease increase risk of death from?: CV
disease
14.What are the pros of a mechanical valve replacement?: 1. longer lasting
2.better in younger patients
3.larger orifice
15.What are the cons of a mechanical valve replacement?: 1. higher risk
of thromboembolism
2. lifelong anticoagulation
16.What are the pros of a bio-prosthetic valve replacement?: 1. better in
older patients
2.lower risk of thromboembolism
3.no need for anticoagulation
, Valvular Heart Disease | Questions and Answers
17.What are the cons of a bio-prosthetic valve replacement?: 1. less durable
2. smaller orifice
, Valvular Heart Disease | Questions and Answers
18.What is mitral valve stenosis?: narrowing of the mitral valve orifice
with thick- ening or fusion of the leaflets
19.What are symptoms of severe mitral stenosis?: 1. fatigue
2.exertional dyspnea
3. orthopnea
20.What are symptoms of mitral stenosis often precipitated by?: onset of
AFib pregnancy
21.When is intervention indicated with mitral stenosis?: 1. symptomatic
2. AFib
3.evidence of pulm HTN
22.What is the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis?: involves at least
one of these:
1.thickening of leaflets
2.fusion of mitral commissures
3.retraction, thickening, and fusion of the chordae
4.calcium deposition in the valve
23.What does mitral stenosis cause?: increase in L atrial
pressure decreased filling
24.What happens to the heart over time with mitral stenosis?: 1. L
atrium becomes dilated
2.decreased CO
3.develop CHF
25.What causes mitral valve stenosis?: 1. rheumatic heart disease (GABH
strep)
2.congenital heart disease
3.calcium deposition
4. SLE
5. RA
26.What are the symptoms of mitral stenosis?: 1. L and R sided HF
symptoms
2. hemoptysis
3. hoarseness
4.acute/chronic AFib
27.What are the symptoms of L sided heart failure?: 1. exertional dyspnea
2. orthopnea
3.paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
4. fatigue
28.What are the symptoms of R sided heart failure?: 1. edema
2. ascites
