PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is pulmonary disease?
Type of disease that affects the lungs and other associated parts of the respiratory
system.
Describe pulmonary disease
Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False
True - the heart in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8)
-Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood
hemoptysis
What is kussmal respiration?
increased respirations and tidal volumes
,Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing
cheyne-stokes
What is hypoxemia
reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
What is hypoxia?
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What happens in respiratory failure?
Defined as inadequate gas exchange. Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest
wall or indirectly from disease to other body systems
What is flail chest?
Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5)
-Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax?
occurs when a small air blister (bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
What is secondary pneumothorax?
Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax?
transthoracic needle aspiration
,When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax?
Open air pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during
expiration. Closed air does not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space
pleural effusion
Collection of blood in the pleural space
hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space
Empyema
what is a restrictive lung disorder
decrease compliance of the lung tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders?
Individuals experience dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung
Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration?
-Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue
atelectasis
, What are the 3 types of atelectasis?
- Compression
- Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4)
-Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi
Bronchiectasis
clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling
sputum, hemoptysis and clubbing
bronchiectasis
excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs
pulmonary fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis
caused by formation of scar tissue after active pulmonary diseases, autoimmune
disorders, arthritis, or inhalation injuries - chronic inflammation leads to fibrosis and
marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise healthy individuals in association with an upper or lower
respiratory tract infection
bronchiolitis in adults
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is pulmonary disease?
Type of disease that affects the lungs and other associated parts of the respiratory
system.
Describe pulmonary disease
Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False
True - the heart in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8)
-Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood
hemoptysis
What is kussmal respiration?
increased respirations and tidal volumes
,Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing
cheyne-stokes
What is hypoxemia
reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
What is hypoxia?
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What happens in respiratory failure?
Defined as inadequate gas exchange. Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest
wall or indirectly from disease to other body systems
What is flail chest?
Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5)
-Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax?
occurs when a small air blister (bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
What is secondary pneumothorax?
Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax?
transthoracic needle aspiration
,When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax?
Open air pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during
expiration. Closed air does not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space
pleural effusion
Collection of blood in the pleural space
hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space
Empyema
what is a restrictive lung disorder
decrease compliance of the lung tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders?
Individuals experience dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung
Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration?
-Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue
atelectasis
, What are the 3 types of atelectasis?
- Compression
- Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4)
-Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi
Bronchiectasis
clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling
sputum, hemoptysis and clubbing
bronchiectasis
excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs
pulmonary fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis
caused by formation of scar tissue after active pulmonary diseases, autoimmune
disorders, arthritis, or inhalation injuries - chronic inflammation leads to fibrosis and
marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise healthy individuals in association with an upper or lower
respiratory tract infection
bronchiolitis in adults
