PATH1000 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Motility
Movement of food via peristalsis and churning.
Secretion
Release of digestive juices and enzymes.
Digestion
Breakdown of food into absorbable molecules.
Absorption
Transfer of nutrients into blood or lymph.
Salivary Secretions Volume
1 to 1.5 liters of saliva daily.
Saliva Composition
99.5% water, electrolytes, and digestive enzymes.
Saliva Control
Regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Parietal Cells
Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Chief Cells
Release pepsinogen for protein digestion.
Mucous Neck Cells
Produce mucus for stomach protection.
, Gastrin
Hormone that increases HCl secretion.
Secretin
Inhibits gastric activity, stimulates bicarbonate secretion.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Stimulates enzyme secretion and bile release.
Endocrine Function of Pancreas
Produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
Exocrine Function of Pancreas
Secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
Liver Functions
Detoxifies, produces bile, synthesizes proteins.
Carbohydrate Digestion
Broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes.
Protein Digestion
Broken down by pepsin and pancreatic enzymes.
Fat Digestion
Emulsified by bile, digested by pancreatic lipase.
Nucleic Acid Digestion
Broken down into nucleotides by pancreatic nucleases.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)
Acid reflux due to lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
SOLUTIONS
Motility
Movement of food via peristalsis and churning.
Secretion
Release of digestive juices and enzymes.
Digestion
Breakdown of food into absorbable molecules.
Absorption
Transfer of nutrients into blood or lymph.
Salivary Secretions Volume
1 to 1.5 liters of saliva daily.
Saliva Composition
99.5% water, electrolytes, and digestive enzymes.
Saliva Control
Regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Parietal Cells
Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Chief Cells
Release pepsinogen for protein digestion.
Mucous Neck Cells
Produce mucus for stomach protection.
, Gastrin
Hormone that increases HCl secretion.
Secretin
Inhibits gastric activity, stimulates bicarbonate secretion.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Stimulates enzyme secretion and bile release.
Endocrine Function of Pancreas
Produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
Exocrine Function of Pancreas
Secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
Liver Functions
Detoxifies, produces bile, synthesizes proteins.
Carbohydrate Digestion
Broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes.
Protein Digestion
Broken down by pepsin and pancreatic enzymes.
Fat Digestion
Emulsified by bile, digested by pancreatic lipase.
Nucleic Acid Digestion
Broken down into nucleotides by pancreatic nucleases.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)
Acid reflux due to lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
