PATH 1000 UNIT 8 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Name some clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease
Dyspnea & cough
Altered breathing patterns
Hyper- or hypoventilation
Hemoptysis
Cyanosis
Chest pain
Clubbing
Breathing Patterns: name some abnormal breathing patterns
Restricted
Cheyne-stokes respiration
Kussmal
What is restricted breathing?
Disorders that stiffen lungs or chest wall & decreased compliance
What is Cheyne-stokes respiration?
Alternating periods of deep & shallow breathing (apnea lasting 15-60 secs followed
by ventilations that increase in volume until peak is reached)
What is Kussmal respiration?
Increased rate & tidal volume (no expiratory pause) & is caused by strenuous
exercise and acidosis
, What is hyperventilation? caused by?
Alveolar ventilation is inadequate (leads to respiratory acidosis from hypercapnia)
Airway obstruction, chest wall restriction or altered neurological control of
breathing
What is hypoventilation? caused by?
Alveolar ventilation exceeds metabolic demands (leads to respiratory alkalosis
from hypocapnia)
Anxiety, head injury or severe hypoxemia
Cyanosis: is what? develops when? 2 types are?
Bluish discoloration of skin & mucous membranes
Five grams of desaturated hemoglobin (regardless of concentration)
Peripheral cyanosis (poor circulation usually observed best on finger nails)
Central cyanosis (decreased arterial oxygenation best observed in buccal mucous
membranes & lips)
Etiology of peripheral cyanosis & central cyanosis?
Cold, obstruction, shock, decreased cardiac output
Polycythemia, altitude, lung disease, shunt, met-fulhemoglobinemia
Pulmonary Diseases (pleural pain): is? cause of pain?
Most common pain (sharp or stabbing)
Infection & inflammation of parietal pleura (when pleura stretch during inspiration &
accompanied by pleural friction rub)
Pulmonary Disease (chest wall pain): may be from?
Airways, muscle or rib pain
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Name some clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease
Dyspnea & cough
Altered breathing patterns
Hyper- or hypoventilation
Hemoptysis
Cyanosis
Chest pain
Clubbing
Breathing Patterns: name some abnormal breathing patterns
Restricted
Cheyne-stokes respiration
Kussmal
What is restricted breathing?
Disorders that stiffen lungs or chest wall & decreased compliance
What is Cheyne-stokes respiration?
Alternating periods of deep & shallow breathing (apnea lasting 15-60 secs followed
by ventilations that increase in volume until peak is reached)
What is Kussmal respiration?
Increased rate & tidal volume (no expiratory pause) & is caused by strenuous
exercise and acidosis
, What is hyperventilation? caused by?
Alveolar ventilation is inadequate (leads to respiratory acidosis from hypercapnia)
Airway obstruction, chest wall restriction or altered neurological control of
breathing
What is hypoventilation? caused by?
Alveolar ventilation exceeds metabolic demands (leads to respiratory alkalosis
from hypocapnia)
Anxiety, head injury or severe hypoxemia
Cyanosis: is what? develops when? 2 types are?
Bluish discoloration of skin & mucous membranes
Five grams of desaturated hemoglobin (regardless of concentration)
Peripheral cyanosis (poor circulation usually observed best on finger nails)
Central cyanosis (decreased arterial oxygenation best observed in buccal mucous
membranes & lips)
Etiology of peripheral cyanosis & central cyanosis?
Cold, obstruction, shock, decreased cardiac output
Polycythemia, altitude, lung disease, shunt, met-fulhemoglobinemia
Pulmonary Diseases (pleural pain): is? cause of pain?
Most common pain (sharp or stabbing)
Infection & inflammation of parietal pleura (when pleura stretch during inspiration &
accompanied by pleural friction rub)
Pulmonary Disease (chest wall pain): may be from?
Airways, muscle or rib pain
