PATH 1000 UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is an opportunistic infection?
Occur when someone's immune system is compromised
Infectivity is?
Ability to invade & multiply in the host
Infectious process: is? six components?
Cycle involves the transmission of an infectious disease from a human, animal,
environment to a susceptible host
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry,
susceptible host
What are the 4 stages of infection & explain each
Incubation period (exposure to pathogen up to when symptoms 1st appear)
Prodromal period (nonspecific symptoms)
Acute period (invasion period where pathogen is growing & symptoms are pronounced
or evident)
Convalescence (host begins to recover, but may be still infectious)
Influencing Factors to infection?
Mechanism of action
Infectivity
Pathogenicity
,Virulence
Immunogenicity
Toxigenicity
Portal of entry
Classes of infectious microorganisms?
Virus
Rickettsiae
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Fungi
Bacteria
Protozoa
How to pathogens resist the immune system?
Surface coats (on surface to protect the cell)
Bind to host cells through surface receptors
Cell damage or changes caused by toxins
Antigenic variation (antigens change)
Exotoxins are? endotoxins are? (gram-?) some can do what?
Help bacteria survive (proteins released during bacterial) & are specific to
sites (neurotoxins etc.)
Released when bacteria is destroyed (grow within the cell) & are gram-negative
Pyrogenic & can activate a fever
Bacteremia: is? what occurs? caused by? effects?
, Aka septicemia
Presence of bacteria in the blood (defense mechanisms have not been able to kill
bacteria)
Endotoxins
Vasodilation (causing hypotension, hypoxia & CV shock)
Bacteria: treatments?
Antimicrobials
How do antibiotics work?
Inhibit production of bacterial cell wall or membrane
Inhibit protein synthesis
What is an abscess? needs to be?
Stalled healing & contains dead liquefied tissue, microorganisms & phagocytes
Opened & drained as the infection can spread
Viral Infection: are? do not produce? bypass defense mechanisms by?
All intracellular parasites that contain RNA or DNA & are dependent on a host for
replication
Exotoxins or endotoxins
Hiding in cells (may be present or dormant)
Viral infections: cellular effects?
Inhibits host cell DNA, RNA or protein synthesis
Disrupts lysosomal membranes
Promotes host cell apoptosis
Fuses with other infected host cells
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is an opportunistic infection?
Occur when someone's immune system is compromised
Infectivity is?
Ability to invade & multiply in the host
Infectious process: is? six components?
Cycle involves the transmission of an infectious disease from a human, animal,
environment to a susceptible host
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry,
susceptible host
What are the 4 stages of infection & explain each
Incubation period (exposure to pathogen up to when symptoms 1st appear)
Prodromal period (nonspecific symptoms)
Acute period (invasion period where pathogen is growing & symptoms are pronounced
or evident)
Convalescence (host begins to recover, but may be still infectious)
Influencing Factors to infection?
Mechanism of action
Infectivity
Pathogenicity
,Virulence
Immunogenicity
Toxigenicity
Portal of entry
Classes of infectious microorganisms?
Virus
Rickettsiae
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Fungi
Bacteria
Protozoa
How to pathogens resist the immune system?
Surface coats (on surface to protect the cell)
Bind to host cells through surface receptors
Cell damage or changes caused by toxins
Antigenic variation (antigens change)
Exotoxins are? endotoxins are? (gram-?) some can do what?
Help bacteria survive (proteins released during bacterial) & are specific to
sites (neurotoxins etc.)
Released when bacteria is destroyed (grow within the cell) & are gram-negative
Pyrogenic & can activate a fever
Bacteremia: is? what occurs? caused by? effects?
, Aka septicemia
Presence of bacteria in the blood (defense mechanisms have not been able to kill
bacteria)
Endotoxins
Vasodilation (causing hypotension, hypoxia & CV shock)
Bacteria: treatments?
Antimicrobials
How do antibiotics work?
Inhibit production of bacterial cell wall or membrane
Inhibit protein synthesis
What is an abscess? needs to be?
Stalled healing & contains dead liquefied tissue, microorganisms & phagocytes
Opened & drained as the infection can spread
Viral Infection: are? do not produce? bypass defense mechanisms by?
All intracellular parasites that contain RNA or DNA & are dependent on a host for
replication
Exotoxins or endotoxins
Hiding in cells (may be present or dormant)
Viral infections: cellular effects?
Inhibits host cell DNA, RNA or protein synthesis
Disrupts lysosomal membranes
Promotes host cell apoptosis
Fuses with other infected host cells
