PATH 1000 UNIT 10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Bristol Stool Chart: explain type 1 to 7 & what each indicate
1 (separate hard lumps)=severe constipation
2(lumpy)=mild constipation
3 (sausage shape)=normal
4(smooth)=normal
5(soft blobs)=lacking fiber
6(mushy)=mild diarrhea
7(liquid)=severe diarrhea
What does it mean when poo is the color of: black, grey, yellow, pinkish, red,
green, brown?
Bleeding
Antacids, pancreatic illness, cirrhosis
Gallbladder problems, giardia infection
Bacteria, cranberries
Bleeding ulcer near intestinal tract
Iron supplements
No serious issues
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction: what is constipation? normal? normal feces?
(contains?) what initiates defecation?
Infrequent or difficulty defecation
,2 to 3 times per day to one per week
Semisolid mass originating from chyme (water, inorganic salts, e coli, epithelial cells)
Rectal distention
Constipation: clinical manifestations? (how many of them do you need for at least
3 months?)
Straining, lumpy or hard stools (with defecation at least 25% of the time) & sensation
of incomplete emptying, manual maneuvers (facilitate stool evacuation=fewer than 3
BM per week)
2
Constipation Treatment: ways to?
Bowel retraining
Moderate exercise
Increased fluid & fiber intake
Enemas
Diarrhea: is what? # of times per day? clinical manifestations?
Increased frequency of BM & increased volume, fluidity & weight of feces
Three or more
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss
Diarrhea: systemic manifestations?
Acute bacterial or viral infection (fever, with or without cramping)
Inflammatory bowel disease (fever, cramping, bloody stools)
Malabsorption syndromes (steatorrhea=fat in stools)
Types of Diarrhea: explain osmotic, secretory & motility
, Nonabsorbable substance in intestine draws water into lumen by osmosis (=large
volume)
Form of large volume caused by excessive mucosal
secretion of chloride or bicarbonate fluid or inhibition of sodium absorption
Excessive motility decreases transit time, mucosal surface contact & opportunities for
fluid absorption
Diarrhea Treatment: purpose is to? medications? treating mild diarrhea? diarrhea
associated with clostridium difficile? other ways?
Restore fluid & electrolyte balance
Antimotility, atropine, or water absorbent
Natural bran & psyllium
Probiotics
Fecal transplantation
Diarrhea (clinical manifestations): abdominal pain is? due to? parietal, visceral &
referred pain difference?
Symptom of a number of GI disorders
Stretching, inflammation or ischemia
In peritoneum, in organs, in another area
Diarrhea (clinical manifestations): difference between upper & lower GI bleeding?
treatments?
Bleeding from esophagus, stomach or duodenum (stool is bright
red) vs from jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum
Blood products
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Bristol Stool Chart: explain type 1 to 7 & what each indicate
1 (separate hard lumps)=severe constipation
2(lumpy)=mild constipation
3 (sausage shape)=normal
4(smooth)=normal
5(soft blobs)=lacking fiber
6(mushy)=mild diarrhea
7(liquid)=severe diarrhea
What does it mean when poo is the color of: black, grey, yellow, pinkish, red,
green, brown?
Bleeding
Antacids, pancreatic illness, cirrhosis
Gallbladder problems, giardia infection
Bacteria, cranberries
Bleeding ulcer near intestinal tract
Iron supplements
No serious issues
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction: what is constipation? normal? normal feces?
(contains?) what initiates defecation?
Infrequent or difficulty defecation
,2 to 3 times per day to one per week
Semisolid mass originating from chyme (water, inorganic salts, e coli, epithelial cells)
Rectal distention
Constipation: clinical manifestations? (how many of them do you need for at least
3 months?)
Straining, lumpy or hard stools (with defecation at least 25% of the time) & sensation
of incomplete emptying, manual maneuvers (facilitate stool evacuation=fewer than 3
BM per week)
2
Constipation Treatment: ways to?
Bowel retraining
Moderate exercise
Increased fluid & fiber intake
Enemas
Diarrhea: is what? # of times per day? clinical manifestations?
Increased frequency of BM & increased volume, fluidity & weight of feces
Three or more
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss
Diarrhea: systemic manifestations?
Acute bacterial or viral infection (fever, with or without cramping)
Inflammatory bowel disease (fever, cramping, bloody stools)
Malabsorption syndromes (steatorrhea=fat in stools)
Types of Diarrhea: explain osmotic, secretory & motility
, Nonabsorbable substance in intestine draws water into lumen by osmosis (=large
volume)
Form of large volume caused by excessive mucosal
secretion of chloride or bicarbonate fluid or inhibition of sodium absorption
Excessive motility decreases transit time, mucosal surface contact & opportunities for
fluid absorption
Diarrhea Treatment: purpose is to? medications? treating mild diarrhea? diarrhea
associated with clostridium difficile? other ways?
Restore fluid & electrolyte balance
Antimotility, atropine, or water absorbent
Natural bran & psyllium
Probiotics
Fecal transplantation
Diarrhea (clinical manifestations): abdominal pain is? due to? parietal, visceral &
referred pain difference?
Symptom of a number of GI disorders
Stretching, inflammation or ischemia
In peritoneum, in organs, in another area
Diarrhea (clinical manifestations): difference between upper & lower GI bleeding?
treatments?
Bleeding from esophagus, stomach or duodenum (stool is bright
red) vs from jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum
Blood products
