PATH 1000 UNIT 11 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A complication that can present with rhabdomyolysis is
cardiac dysrhythmias from hyperkalemia from the release of intracellular K+
compartment syndrome occurs when venous pressure increases causing
ischemia & edema the leads to pain out of proportion to the injury.
rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle pain, weakness, dark urine &
increased creatinine kinase. the main goal of treatment is to prevent damage to the
kidneys.
the most common pathogens that cause osteomyelitis are bacteria & can result in
an area of dead bone called
sequestrum. As osteoblasts lay new bone, this area is called involucrum.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune process that
inflames the cartilaginous joints of the sacroiliac spine.
the pathophysiology behind ankylosing spondylitis is uncontrolled
bone formation, rather than bone destruction.
clinical manifestations of compartment syndrome may include
decreased pulse & increased pallor.
the etiology of secondary osteoporosis can be linked to
medications or liver/kidney disease.
osteoporosis can cause
vertebral collapse resulting in kyphosis
,widespread symmetric joint swelling occurs in
rheumatoid arthritis from increases inflammatory mediators which manifests as warm
joint
decreased bone mineralization & loss of bone mass occurs in osteoporosis
which can be caused from
loss of estrogen. this type is classified as primary.
hematogenous osteomyelitis occurs with the
infection spread by pathogens carried in the bloodstream.
degenerative joint disease due to wear and tear occurs in osteo arthritis.
persons will experience inflammation & pain if a bone spur occurs. Pain is relieved by
rest.
gout is characterized by overproduction of uric acid. the resulting effects can
include the
development of urolithiasis & tophi in the chronic stage.
Rhabdomyolysis
rapid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intracellular contents.
myoglobinuria
muscle protein in urine
rhabdomyolysis causes
direct trauma (blunt, burn, compression) medications, drugs & substances (alcohol,
amphetamines) Excessive muscular contraction, infectious agents ( bacteria, fungal,
virus) toxins ( carbon monoxide, spider bite, hemlock) hereditary enzyme
disorders( mcardles disease)
, rhabdomyolysis - disseminated intravascular coagulation:
activation of clotting cascade by sarcolemma damage & release of intracellular
components from damaged muscles
rhabdomlyosis - hyperkalemia
the release of intracellular potassium into circulation. Cardiac dysrhythmias
rhabdomlyosis - acute kidney failure:
myoglobin precipitates in tubules, obstructing flow through the nephron, producing injury
rhabdomylosis - metabolic acidosis
liberation of intracellular phosphorus & sulphate
classic triad of muscle pain, weakness
& dark urine
dark urine caused by myoglobinuria may be 1st & only symptom. however not a reliable
test for rhabdomyolysis.
myoglobin renal threshold
200g of muscle damage to cause visible changes in urine, rapidly cleared, returns to
normal within 24 hrs.
serum hypocalcemia occurs early in
myoglobinuria & is followed by late hypercalcemia.
kidney failure risk increases with increased levels of
serum CK, potassium & phosphorus.
another name for myoglobinuria
Rhabdomyolysis
rhabdomyolysis treatment
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A complication that can present with rhabdomyolysis is
cardiac dysrhythmias from hyperkalemia from the release of intracellular K+
compartment syndrome occurs when venous pressure increases causing
ischemia & edema the leads to pain out of proportion to the injury.
rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle pain, weakness, dark urine &
increased creatinine kinase. the main goal of treatment is to prevent damage to the
kidneys.
the most common pathogens that cause osteomyelitis are bacteria & can result in
an area of dead bone called
sequestrum. As osteoblasts lay new bone, this area is called involucrum.
Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune process that
inflames the cartilaginous joints of the sacroiliac spine.
the pathophysiology behind ankylosing spondylitis is uncontrolled
bone formation, rather than bone destruction.
clinical manifestations of compartment syndrome may include
decreased pulse & increased pallor.
the etiology of secondary osteoporosis can be linked to
medications or liver/kidney disease.
osteoporosis can cause
vertebral collapse resulting in kyphosis
,widespread symmetric joint swelling occurs in
rheumatoid arthritis from increases inflammatory mediators which manifests as warm
joint
decreased bone mineralization & loss of bone mass occurs in osteoporosis
which can be caused from
loss of estrogen. this type is classified as primary.
hematogenous osteomyelitis occurs with the
infection spread by pathogens carried in the bloodstream.
degenerative joint disease due to wear and tear occurs in osteo arthritis.
persons will experience inflammation & pain if a bone spur occurs. Pain is relieved by
rest.
gout is characterized by overproduction of uric acid. the resulting effects can
include the
development of urolithiasis & tophi in the chronic stage.
Rhabdomyolysis
rapid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intracellular contents.
myoglobinuria
muscle protein in urine
rhabdomyolysis causes
direct trauma (blunt, burn, compression) medications, drugs & substances (alcohol,
amphetamines) Excessive muscular contraction, infectious agents ( bacteria, fungal,
virus) toxins ( carbon monoxide, spider bite, hemlock) hereditary enzyme
disorders( mcardles disease)
, rhabdomyolysis - disseminated intravascular coagulation:
activation of clotting cascade by sarcolemma damage & release of intracellular
components from damaged muscles
rhabdomlyosis - hyperkalemia
the release of intracellular potassium into circulation. Cardiac dysrhythmias
rhabdomlyosis - acute kidney failure:
myoglobin precipitates in tubules, obstructing flow through the nephron, producing injury
rhabdomylosis - metabolic acidosis
liberation of intracellular phosphorus & sulphate
classic triad of muscle pain, weakness
& dark urine
dark urine caused by myoglobinuria may be 1st & only symptom. however not a reliable
test for rhabdomyolysis.
myoglobin renal threshold
200g of muscle damage to cause visible changes in urine, rapidly cleared, returns to
normal within 24 hrs.
serum hypocalcemia occurs early in
myoglobinuria & is followed by late hypercalcemia.
kidney failure risk increases with increased levels of
serum CK, potassium & phosphorus.
another name for myoglobinuria
Rhabdomyolysis
rhabdomyolysis treatment
