PATH1000 ETEST 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
3 main types of collagen
hyaline, fibro & elastic
articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
- turned over through enzyme degradation secreted by chondrocytes
- dissipates load down to bone
- specialist type of connective tissue made of:
→ chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
→ collagen fibres (type 2)
→ matrix (proteoglycans- trap water, collagen, water- shock absorber)
injurious factor/ risk factor osteoarthritis
- age
- activity= wearing down joint/cartilage
- traumatic injury
- excessive load bearing= obesity
- anatomical= joint mal alignment
- occupational risk e.g. athletics/ running
- heritability e..g genetic predisposition
orientation of collagen fibres in articular cartilage
, zone I & II (protect underlying fibre)
- zone I= longitudinal
- zone II = oblique
zone III (absorb forces) = vertical
zone IV (resist shear force & embedded in tidemark) = vertical
control of bronchiole smooth muscle
sympathetic control (beta-2)
parasympathetic control (muscarinic M3)
humoral control (mast cell degranulation)
injurious factor/ risk factor/ injury osteoarthritis
- age
- activity= wearing down joint/cartilage
- excessive load bearing= obesity
- traumatic injury
body response/features osteoarthritis
- wear and tear of joint
- change in normal 'turnover' of matrix (degradation over synthesis)
- degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by chondrocytes (enzyme
degrades collagen)
- cartilage composed of more degraded collagen & proteoglycans
- chondrocytes release cytokines
- associated chondrocyte apoptosis
- focal cartilage loss
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
3 main types of collagen
hyaline, fibro & elastic
articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
- turned over through enzyme degradation secreted by chondrocytes
- dissipates load down to bone
- specialist type of connective tissue made of:
→ chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
→ collagen fibres (type 2)
→ matrix (proteoglycans- trap water, collagen, water- shock absorber)
injurious factor/ risk factor osteoarthritis
- age
- activity= wearing down joint/cartilage
- traumatic injury
- excessive load bearing= obesity
- anatomical= joint mal alignment
- occupational risk e.g. athletics/ running
- heritability e..g genetic predisposition
orientation of collagen fibres in articular cartilage
, zone I & II (protect underlying fibre)
- zone I= longitudinal
- zone II = oblique
zone III (absorb forces) = vertical
zone IV (resist shear force & embedded in tidemark) = vertical
control of bronchiole smooth muscle
sympathetic control (beta-2)
parasympathetic control (muscarinic M3)
humoral control (mast cell degranulation)
injurious factor/ risk factor/ injury osteoarthritis
- age
- activity= wearing down joint/cartilage
- excessive load bearing= obesity
- traumatic injury
body response/features osteoarthritis
- wear and tear of joint
- change in normal 'turnover' of matrix (degradation over synthesis)
- degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by chondrocytes (enzyme
degrades collagen)
- cartilage composed of more degraded collagen & proteoglycans
- chondrocytes release cytokines
- associated chondrocyte apoptosis
- focal cartilage loss
