HNF 471 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
FDI
Effects of medication on nutritional status
DNI
Specific change to the pharmacokinetics of a drug caused by a nutrient/s or changes to
the kinetics of a nutrient caused by a drug
Pharmacokinetics
Study of bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, movement
of drug through the body
Pharmacodynamics
How does the drug work? What are the effects?
What are often used interchangeably?
FDI and DNI
Short-term consequences of FDI
Variation in vitamin K can result in variable effectiveness of warfarin
Long-term consequences of FDI
Extensive corticosteroid use can result in osteoporosis
Absorption of drugs
Can be affected by gastric emptying rate for oral formulations as well as GI transit time
Distribution of drugs
Various drugs have different target organs
, Transport proteins
Drugs bound to transport proteins are unable to act, unbound fraction produces the
effect
Albumin
A major transport protein, low albumin will increase the effect of the medication
Metabolism of drugs
Dependent on cytochrome P-450 enzyme in the liver to convert fat-soluble compounds
to water-soluble compounds
High protein diet
Can accelerate metabolism of certain drugs
Gut microbiome
Diets that change gut microbiome can change drug metabolism
High Ca, Mg, or Zn
Can decrease drug metabolism by forming insoluble complexes
Vitamin C deficiency
Reduces activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes
Excretion of drugs
Usually via urine, dosage typically given for individuals with healthy liver and kidneys
High risk for FDI
Elderly, low albumin, poor intake, polypharmacy,
undernourished - alterations in fat/fat-free mass may be problematic for fat soluble
drugs
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
FDI
Effects of medication on nutritional status
DNI
Specific change to the pharmacokinetics of a drug caused by a nutrient/s or changes to
the kinetics of a nutrient caused by a drug
Pharmacokinetics
Study of bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, movement
of drug through the body
Pharmacodynamics
How does the drug work? What are the effects?
What are often used interchangeably?
FDI and DNI
Short-term consequences of FDI
Variation in vitamin K can result in variable effectiveness of warfarin
Long-term consequences of FDI
Extensive corticosteroid use can result in osteoporosis
Absorption of drugs
Can be affected by gastric emptying rate for oral formulations as well as GI transit time
Distribution of drugs
Various drugs have different target organs
, Transport proteins
Drugs bound to transport proteins are unable to act, unbound fraction produces the
effect
Albumin
A major transport protein, low albumin will increase the effect of the medication
Metabolism of drugs
Dependent on cytochrome P-450 enzyme in the liver to convert fat-soluble compounds
to water-soluble compounds
High protein diet
Can accelerate metabolism of certain drugs
Gut microbiome
Diets that change gut microbiome can change drug metabolism
High Ca, Mg, or Zn
Can decrease drug metabolism by forming insoluble complexes
Vitamin C deficiency
Reduces activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes
Excretion of drugs
Usually via urine, dosage typically given for individuals with healthy liver and kidneys
High risk for FDI
Elderly, low albumin, poor intake, polypharmacy,
undernourished - alterations in fat/fat-free mass may be problematic for fat soluble
drugs
