BCH 451 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
catabolism
degradative phase of metabolism, releases energy
anabolism
building phase of metabolism
glucose, storage
glycogen, starch, sucrose
glucose, oxidation via glycolysis
pyruvate
glucose, oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway
ribose 5-phosphate
glucose, synthesis of structural polymers
extracellular matrix and cell wall polysaccharides
electrochemical gradients
maintain low Na+ and high K+ in the cell, essential to the conduction of action potentials
in neurons
insulin
counters high blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake and glycolysis in the
well fed state
glucagon
, counters low blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis and the release of
glucose to blood in the starved state
phosphohexose isomerase reaction
glucose 6-phosphate is converted to fructose 6-phosphate, C-1 carbonyl is hydrolyzed,
hydroxyl group allows fructose 6-phosphate to be phosphorylated into fructose 1,6-
biphosphate
aldolase reaction
fructose 1,6-biphosphate is cleaved into two products yielding glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
lysine in aldolase reaction
acts as a proton donor and acceptor, acts as a schiff base attacking carbonyl carbon,
forms a double bond with carbon kicking out hydroxyl group and stabilizing the
carbanion intermediate, enables cleavage into two 3 carbon molecules
triosephosphate isomerase
interconversion of two products, G3P and DHAP, allows both products to funnel into a
single pathway for glycolysis
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction
oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1,3 biphosphoglycerate,
NAD+ is reduced to NADH
cysteine in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
nucleophilically attacks the carbonyl carbon allowing NAD+ to become reduced to
NADH, carbonyl carbon reforms
phosphate in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
catabolism
degradative phase of metabolism, releases energy
anabolism
building phase of metabolism
glucose, storage
glycogen, starch, sucrose
glucose, oxidation via glycolysis
pyruvate
glucose, oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway
ribose 5-phosphate
glucose, synthesis of structural polymers
extracellular matrix and cell wall polysaccharides
electrochemical gradients
maintain low Na+ and high K+ in the cell, essential to the conduction of action potentials
in neurons
insulin
counters high blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake and glycolysis in the
well fed state
glucagon
, counters low blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis and the release of
glucose to blood in the starved state
phosphohexose isomerase reaction
glucose 6-phosphate is converted to fructose 6-phosphate, C-1 carbonyl is hydrolyzed,
hydroxyl group allows fructose 6-phosphate to be phosphorylated into fructose 1,6-
biphosphate
aldolase reaction
fructose 1,6-biphosphate is cleaved into two products yielding glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
lysine in aldolase reaction
acts as a proton donor and acceptor, acts as a schiff base attacking carbonyl carbon,
forms a double bond with carbon kicking out hydroxyl group and stabilizing the
carbanion intermediate, enables cleavage into two 3 carbon molecules
triosephosphate isomerase
interconversion of two products, G3P and DHAP, allows both products to funnel into a
single pathway for glycolysis
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction
oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1,3 biphosphoglycerate,
NAD+ is reduced to NADH
cysteine in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
nucleophilically attacks the carbonyl carbon allowing NAD+ to become reduced to
NADH, carbonyl carbon reforms
phosphate in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
