BCH 451 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Three major stages of cellular respiration
1. Glycolysis
2. The citric acid cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis.
While glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Mitochondiral matrix
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the name of the active transporter for pyruvate?
Pyruvate translocase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into?
Acetyl-CoA
Coenzymes for pyruvate dehydrogenase (5)?
CoA-SH, NAD+, TPP, Lipoate, FAD
Function of CoA(coenzymeA)?
Accept and carry Acetyl groups
Lipoate can carry what two things?
Electron and acyl carrier
Lipoyllysine structure
Lipoic acid and lysine residue
,Biological tethers do what?
Allow for flexibility and efficiency
TPP carries what molecule?
acetaldehydes
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex is made of what 3 enzymes?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1), Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2), and Dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase(E3)
If there is a lot of ATP, will the cell make more or less Acetyl-CoA?
Less
What does the citric acid cycle produce?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP, FADH2, many intermediates
first step of tca cycle
C-C bond formation to make citrate
Rate-limiting step of TCA cycle.
first step, acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate turns into citrate
Citrate Synthase has a conformational change due to what molecule?
Oxaloacetate must bind first in order for Acetyl-CoA to bind to the Citrate Synthase
Oxidative Decarboxylation #2 uses what enzyme?
isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase coenzyme and cofactor?
NADP+ and Mg2+
Oxidative decarboxylation #3 uses what enzyme?
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
, Coenzymes of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
PDD, Lipoate, FAD, CoA-SH, NAD+
Pyurvate dehydrogenase complex and a-ketoglutarate complex share what
enzyme?
E3
Generation of GTP through thioester uses what enzyme?
Succinyl-CoA synthetase
If an enzyme requires atp what name does it get?
Synthetase rather than synthase
oxidation of an alkane to alkene needs what enzyme?
succinate dehydrogenase
oxidation of alcohol to a ketone needs what enzyme? what coenzyme?
L-malate dehydrogenase, NAD+
what are the activators of TCA cycle?
NAD+, AMP/ADP, CoA, Ca2+
what are the inhibitors of TCA cycle?
NADH, ATP, acetyl-CoA, fatty acids, succinyl-CoA, citrate
What enzyme from TCA cycle can inhibit the PFK1 (comitment step in glycolysis)
isocitrate dehydrogenase allows citrate to build up and inhibit PFK1
what enzyme can be pulled out of the citric acid cycle do to something else?
a-ketoglutarate can be pulled away to make amino acids
Anapleorotic Reactions do what?
Replenish intermediates into the TCA cycle. EX: Pyruvate carboxylase
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Three major stages of cellular respiration
1. Glycolysis
2. The citric acid cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis.
While glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Mitochondiral matrix
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the name of the active transporter for pyruvate?
Pyruvate translocase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into?
Acetyl-CoA
Coenzymes for pyruvate dehydrogenase (5)?
CoA-SH, NAD+, TPP, Lipoate, FAD
Function of CoA(coenzymeA)?
Accept and carry Acetyl groups
Lipoate can carry what two things?
Electron and acyl carrier
Lipoyllysine structure
Lipoic acid and lysine residue
,Biological tethers do what?
Allow for flexibility and efficiency
TPP carries what molecule?
acetaldehydes
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex is made of what 3 enzymes?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1), Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2), and Dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase(E3)
If there is a lot of ATP, will the cell make more or less Acetyl-CoA?
Less
What does the citric acid cycle produce?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP, FADH2, many intermediates
first step of tca cycle
C-C bond formation to make citrate
Rate-limiting step of TCA cycle.
first step, acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate turns into citrate
Citrate Synthase has a conformational change due to what molecule?
Oxaloacetate must bind first in order for Acetyl-CoA to bind to the Citrate Synthase
Oxidative Decarboxylation #2 uses what enzyme?
isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase coenzyme and cofactor?
NADP+ and Mg2+
Oxidative decarboxylation #3 uses what enzyme?
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
, Coenzymes of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
PDD, Lipoate, FAD, CoA-SH, NAD+
Pyurvate dehydrogenase complex and a-ketoglutarate complex share what
enzyme?
E3
Generation of GTP through thioester uses what enzyme?
Succinyl-CoA synthetase
If an enzyme requires atp what name does it get?
Synthetase rather than synthase
oxidation of an alkane to alkene needs what enzyme?
succinate dehydrogenase
oxidation of alcohol to a ketone needs what enzyme? what coenzyme?
L-malate dehydrogenase, NAD+
what are the activators of TCA cycle?
NAD+, AMP/ADP, CoA, Ca2+
what are the inhibitors of TCA cycle?
NADH, ATP, acetyl-CoA, fatty acids, succinyl-CoA, citrate
What enzyme from TCA cycle can inhibit the PFK1 (comitment step in glycolysis)
isocitrate dehydrogenase allows citrate to build up and inhibit PFK1
what enzyme can be pulled out of the citric acid cycle do to something else?
a-ketoglutarate can be pulled away to make amino acids
Anapleorotic Reactions do what?
Replenish intermediates into the TCA cycle. EX: Pyruvate carboxylase
