BIOL 2070 - LECTURE 10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

BIOL 2070 - LECTURE 10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED What is the process of nuclear duplication called? Mitosis What is it called when a cell splits in two, diving the cytoplasm? Cytokinesis What is the M phase composed of? mitosis and cytokinesis What drives entry of a cell into mitosis? M-Cdk What do cohesions and condensins help configure? Duplicated chromosomes for separation True or False: Different cytoskeletal assemblies carry out mitosis and cytokinesis True True or False: Interphase is the period between M phase and S phase. False. Interphase is the period between one M phase and the next when DNA is replicated again. What are the 3 phases of interphase? G1, S, G2 FITB: ____ is the gap between M phase and S phase. G1 True or False: Cdks are stably activated in G1 of interphase False. Inactivated During G1, what are the mitogens promoting? The production of the cyclins that stimulate cell division DNA is damaged. What happens during G1? The progression through G1 is temporarily halted True or False: Cells can delay division for prolonged periods by entering specialized non dividing states True What are some of the options for a cell transition from G1 to S phase? Proceed? Pause? Withdraw to G0? Withdraw to permanently and terminally differentiate? FITB: ____ is the gap between S phase and M phase G2 What is the S phase? The synthesis phase where DNA is replicated What initiates DNA replication and blocks re-replication in S phase? S-Cdk The DNA is not properly replicated during S phase. What happens? Cell cycle is stopped at G2 True or False: Cell cycle control systems trigger the major processes of the cell cycle True What kind of processes are controlled by the cell-cycle control system? DNA replication in S phase and segregation of duplicated chromosomes in mitosis When can a control system halt the cell cycle if conditions aren't favourable? Specific transition points like G1, G2, or M phases Correct this statement: The cell cycle control system depends on cyclically inactivated protein kinases known as Cdks The cell cycle control system depends on cyclically activated protein kinases known as Cdks How could Cdk activity be blocked? A Cdk inhibitor protein Progression through cell cycle depends on cyclin dependent protein kinases known as what? Cdks A Cdk must bind to what? A regulatory protein called a cyclin before it can become enzymatically active and activating phosphorylation of the Cdk FITB: Once activated, a cyclin-Cdk complex ______ key proteins in the cell that are required to initiate particular steps in the cell cycle Phosphorylates How does cyclin assist Cdk? It helps direct Cdk to target proteins for phosphorylation True or false: the accumulation of cyclins halts the activity of Cdks False. Accumulation helps regulate their activity