CELL BIOLOGY BIOL2070 - STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the 4 basic types of chemical communications in cells (with examples)?
Endocrine - Hormones transported through bloodstream to different parts of body, ex.
Adrenaline
Paracrine - Released into extracellular space and acts on cells in immediate vicinity, ex.
Histamine
Neuronal - Released into space between axon and target cell, ex. Acetylcholine
Contact-Dependent - Interacts with a target on the cell's membrane, ex. Delta
Adrenaline
Increases blood pressure, heart rate and metabolism
Cortisol
Affects metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in most tissues
Estradiol
Induces and maintains female secondary sex characteristics
Glucagon
Stimulates glucose synthesis, glycogen breakdown and lipid breakdown, e.g. in liver
and cells
Insulin
Stimulates glucose uptake, protein synthesis and lipid synthesis, e.g. in liver cells
Testosterone
, Induces and maintains male secondary sex characteristics
Thyroxine
Stimulates metabolism of many cells
Epidermal growth factor
Stimulates epidermal and many other cells to proliferate
Platelet-derived growth factor
Stimulates many cells to proliferate
Nerve growth factor
Promotes survival of certain classes of neurons, promotes growth of their axons
Transforming growth factor-β
Inhibits cell proliferation; stimulates extracellular matrix production
Histamine
Causes blood vessels to dilate and become leaky, helps to cause inflammation
Nitric oxide
Causes smooth muscle to relax, regulates nerve cell activity
Acetylcholine
Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects
learning, memory, reduce numbers of ACH is associated with Alzheimer's, aggression,
and depression
γ-Aminobutyric acid
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system
Delta
Inhibits neighbouring cells from becoming specialized in same way as the signalling
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the 4 basic types of chemical communications in cells (with examples)?
Endocrine - Hormones transported through bloodstream to different parts of body, ex.
Adrenaline
Paracrine - Released into extracellular space and acts on cells in immediate vicinity, ex.
Histamine
Neuronal - Released into space between axon and target cell, ex. Acetylcholine
Contact-Dependent - Interacts with a target on the cell's membrane, ex. Delta
Adrenaline
Increases blood pressure, heart rate and metabolism
Cortisol
Affects metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in most tissues
Estradiol
Induces and maintains female secondary sex characteristics
Glucagon
Stimulates glucose synthesis, glycogen breakdown and lipid breakdown, e.g. in liver
and cells
Insulin
Stimulates glucose uptake, protein synthesis and lipid synthesis, e.g. in liver cells
Testosterone
, Induces and maintains male secondary sex characteristics
Thyroxine
Stimulates metabolism of many cells
Epidermal growth factor
Stimulates epidermal and many other cells to proliferate
Platelet-derived growth factor
Stimulates many cells to proliferate
Nerve growth factor
Promotes survival of certain classes of neurons, promotes growth of their axons
Transforming growth factor-β
Inhibits cell proliferation; stimulates extracellular matrix production
Histamine
Causes blood vessels to dilate and become leaky, helps to cause inflammation
Nitric oxide
Causes smooth muscle to relax, regulates nerve cell activity
Acetylcholine
Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects
learning, memory, reduce numbers of ACH is associated with Alzheimer's, aggression,
and depression
γ-Aminobutyric acid
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system
Delta
Inhibits neighbouring cells from becoming specialized in same way as the signalling
