ATLS EXAM 2024-2025 175 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100 %
PASS SOLUTION A+ GRADE
Which of the following signs is LEAST reliable for diagnosing esophageal intubation?
A. Symmetrical chest movement
B. End-tidal CO2 presence by colorimetry
C. Bilateral breath sounds
D. Oxygen saturation > 92%
E. ETT above carina on chest x-ray -ANSWER- E. ETT above carina on chest x-ray
Which one of the following signs necessitates a definitive airway in severe trauma
patients?
A. Facial lacerations
B. Repeated vomiting
C. Severe maxillofacial fractures
D. Sternal fracture
E. GCS score of 12 -ANSWER- C. Severe maxillofacial fractures
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Cerebral contusion may coalesce to form an intracerebral hematoma
B. Epidural hematomas are usually seen in frontal region
C. Subdural hematomas are caused by injury to the middle meningeal artery
D. Subdural hematomas typically have a lenticular shape on CTscan
,E. The associated brain damage is more severe in epidural hematomas. - ANSWER- A.
Cerebral contusion may coalesce to form an intracerebral hematoma
An 18 year old male is brought to the ED after having been shot. He has one bullet wound
just below the right clavicle and another just below the costal margin in the right posterior
axillary line. His BP is 110/60, HR is 90bpm, and RR is 34bpm. After ensuring a patent airway
and inserting 2 large caliber iv line, the next appropriate step is to:
A. Obtain a chest x-ray
B. Adminster a bolus of additional iv fluid
C. Perform a laparotomy
D. Obtain abdominal CT-scan
E. Perform DPL -ANSWER- A. Obtain a chest x-ray
An 8 year old boy falls 4,5meters from a tree and is brought to the ED by his familiy. His vital
signs are normal, but he complains of left upper quadrant pain. An abdominal CT scan reveals
a moderately severe laceration of the spleen. The receiving institution does not have 24 hour
a day operating room capabilities. The most appropriate management of this patient would
be:
A. Type and crossmatch for blood
B. Request consultation of a pediatrician
C. Transfer the patient to a trauma center
D. Ad -ANSWER- D. Admit the patient to the ICU
A construction worker falls from a scaffold and is transferred to the ED. His HR is 124 bpm
and BP is 85/60mmHg. He complains of lower abdominal pain. After assessing the airway and
chest, immobilizing the c-spine and initiating fluid resuscitation, the next step is to perform
A. FAST
B. Detailed neurological exam
,C. Rectal exam
D. Cervical c-spine x-ray
E. Urethral catheterization. -ANSWER- A. FAST
A 22 year old male sustains a shotgun wound to the left shoulder and chest at close range.
His BP is 80/40mmHg and his HR is 130bpm. After 2 liters of crystalloid solution are rapidly
infused, his BP increases to 122/84, and HR decreases to 100bpm. He is tachypneic with RR of
28.
On physical examination, his breath sounds are decreased at the left upper chest with
dullness on percussion. A large caliber (36 french) tube thoracostomy is inserted in the fifth
intercostal space with the return of 2
-ANSWER- E. Repeat the physical examination of the chest
Which one of the following statements concerning spine and spinal cord trauma is true?
A. A normal lateral c-spine film excludes injury
B. A vertebral injury is unlikely in the absence of physical findings of a cord injury
C. A patient with a suspected injury requires immobilization on a short spine
D. Diaphragmatic breathing in an unconscious patient who has fallen is a sign of spine
injury
E. Determination of whether a spinal cord lesion is complete or incomplete must be
made in the primary su -ANSWER- D. Diaphragmatic breathing in an unconscious patient who
has fallen is a sign of spine injury
A 20 year old athlete is involved in a motorcycle crash. When he arrives in the ED, he shouts
that he cannot move his legs. On physical examination, there are noe abnormalities of the
chest, abdomen or pelvis. The patient has no sensation in his legs and cannot move them,
but his arms are moving. The patients RR is 28 bpm, HR is 88bpm and BP is 80/60mmHg. He is
pale and sweaty. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Neurogenic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
, C. Abdominal hemorrhage
D. My -ANSWER- A. Neurogenic shock
A 28 year old male is brought to the ED. He was involved in a fight in which he was beaten
with a wooden stick. His chest shows multiple severe bruises. His airway is clear, RR is 22, HR
is 126 and systolic BP is 90mmHg. Which one of the following should be performed during
the primary survey?
A. GCS
B. Cervical spine x-ray
C. TT-administration
D. Blood alcohol level
E. Rectal exam -ANSWER- A. GCS
Which one of the following statements is true regarding access in pediatric resuscitation?
A. Intraosseous access should only be considered after five percutaneous attempts
B. Cut down at the ankle is a preferred initial access technique
C. Blood transfusion can be delievered through an intraosseous access
D. Internal jugular cannulation is the next preferred opinion when percutaneous venous
access fails
E. Intraosseous cannulation should be first choice for access -ANSWER-
C. Blood transfusion can be delievered through an intraosseous access
Regarding shock in the child, which of the following is FALSE?
A. Vital signs are age-related
B. Children have greater physiologic reserves than do adults
C. Tachycardia is the primary physiologic response to hypervolemia
PASS SOLUTION A+ GRADE
Which of the following signs is LEAST reliable for diagnosing esophageal intubation?
A. Symmetrical chest movement
B. End-tidal CO2 presence by colorimetry
C. Bilateral breath sounds
D. Oxygen saturation > 92%
E. ETT above carina on chest x-ray -ANSWER- E. ETT above carina on chest x-ray
Which one of the following signs necessitates a definitive airway in severe trauma
patients?
A. Facial lacerations
B. Repeated vomiting
C. Severe maxillofacial fractures
D. Sternal fracture
E. GCS score of 12 -ANSWER- C. Severe maxillofacial fractures
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Cerebral contusion may coalesce to form an intracerebral hematoma
B. Epidural hematomas are usually seen in frontal region
C. Subdural hematomas are caused by injury to the middle meningeal artery
D. Subdural hematomas typically have a lenticular shape on CTscan
,E. The associated brain damage is more severe in epidural hematomas. - ANSWER- A.
Cerebral contusion may coalesce to form an intracerebral hematoma
An 18 year old male is brought to the ED after having been shot. He has one bullet wound
just below the right clavicle and another just below the costal margin in the right posterior
axillary line. His BP is 110/60, HR is 90bpm, and RR is 34bpm. After ensuring a patent airway
and inserting 2 large caliber iv line, the next appropriate step is to:
A. Obtain a chest x-ray
B. Adminster a bolus of additional iv fluid
C. Perform a laparotomy
D. Obtain abdominal CT-scan
E. Perform DPL -ANSWER- A. Obtain a chest x-ray
An 8 year old boy falls 4,5meters from a tree and is brought to the ED by his familiy. His vital
signs are normal, but he complains of left upper quadrant pain. An abdominal CT scan reveals
a moderately severe laceration of the spleen. The receiving institution does not have 24 hour
a day operating room capabilities. The most appropriate management of this patient would
be:
A. Type and crossmatch for blood
B. Request consultation of a pediatrician
C. Transfer the patient to a trauma center
D. Ad -ANSWER- D. Admit the patient to the ICU
A construction worker falls from a scaffold and is transferred to the ED. His HR is 124 bpm
and BP is 85/60mmHg. He complains of lower abdominal pain. After assessing the airway and
chest, immobilizing the c-spine and initiating fluid resuscitation, the next step is to perform
A. FAST
B. Detailed neurological exam
,C. Rectal exam
D. Cervical c-spine x-ray
E. Urethral catheterization. -ANSWER- A. FAST
A 22 year old male sustains a shotgun wound to the left shoulder and chest at close range.
His BP is 80/40mmHg and his HR is 130bpm. After 2 liters of crystalloid solution are rapidly
infused, his BP increases to 122/84, and HR decreases to 100bpm. He is tachypneic with RR of
28.
On physical examination, his breath sounds are decreased at the left upper chest with
dullness on percussion. A large caliber (36 french) tube thoracostomy is inserted in the fifth
intercostal space with the return of 2
-ANSWER- E. Repeat the physical examination of the chest
Which one of the following statements concerning spine and spinal cord trauma is true?
A. A normal lateral c-spine film excludes injury
B. A vertebral injury is unlikely in the absence of physical findings of a cord injury
C. A patient with a suspected injury requires immobilization on a short spine
D. Diaphragmatic breathing in an unconscious patient who has fallen is a sign of spine
injury
E. Determination of whether a spinal cord lesion is complete or incomplete must be
made in the primary su -ANSWER- D. Diaphragmatic breathing in an unconscious patient who
has fallen is a sign of spine injury
A 20 year old athlete is involved in a motorcycle crash. When he arrives in the ED, he shouts
that he cannot move his legs. On physical examination, there are noe abnormalities of the
chest, abdomen or pelvis. The patient has no sensation in his legs and cannot move them,
but his arms are moving. The patients RR is 28 bpm, HR is 88bpm and BP is 80/60mmHg. He is
pale and sweaty. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Neurogenic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
, C. Abdominal hemorrhage
D. My -ANSWER- A. Neurogenic shock
A 28 year old male is brought to the ED. He was involved in a fight in which he was beaten
with a wooden stick. His chest shows multiple severe bruises. His airway is clear, RR is 22, HR
is 126 and systolic BP is 90mmHg. Which one of the following should be performed during
the primary survey?
A. GCS
B. Cervical spine x-ray
C. TT-administration
D. Blood alcohol level
E. Rectal exam -ANSWER- A. GCS
Which one of the following statements is true regarding access in pediatric resuscitation?
A. Intraosseous access should only be considered after five percutaneous attempts
B. Cut down at the ankle is a preferred initial access technique
C. Blood transfusion can be delievered through an intraosseous access
D. Internal jugular cannulation is the next preferred opinion when percutaneous venous
access fails
E. Intraosseous cannulation should be first choice for access -ANSWER-
C. Blood transfusion can be delievered through an intraosseous access
Regarding shock in the child, which of the following is FALSE?
A. Vital signs are age-related
B. Children have greater physiologic reserves than do adults
C. Tachycardia is the primary physiologic response to hypervolemia
