IMPORTANT CIVIL UPRISINGS BEFORE 1857
UPRISING LEADER REGION REASON OTHERS/FORM
Sanyasi Majnu Shah, Bengal • Famine of 1770 1. Sanyasis were Peasants
revolt(1763-1800) Chirag Ali, Musa • Interf. In religious freedom 2. Raided factories and
Shah, Bhawani of Dasnami Sanyasi and treasuries
Pathak, Devi Madari Fakirs 3. joined by small zamindars,
Chaudhrani • Imm.> restriction to rural poor, ex-soldiers
pilgrimage places 4. Bankim Chandra- Devi
chaudharani,Anandmath(18
82)-novella
5. Indep. Govt in Bogra and
Mymensinghk
Midnapur and Damodhar Singh, Present day Were handed over to EIC by Mir Revenue system
Dhalbhum(1766- Jagannath Dhal Jharkhand Qasim in 1760, along with Budwan
1779) and Chittagong
Moamarias Peasents ASSAM Against Ahom King(help from EIC) BURKANDAZES- demolished
(1769-99) following soldiers of muslim armies
teaching of Opened doors into Assam for other
Aniruddhadeva attackers
Gorakhpur, Basti, Local zamindars Awadh Against Izaradari system imposed by Hasting under Alexander
Bahraic (1781) (1778)imposed by Hasting to Hannay
overcome losses due to war with
Mysore and Maratha
Kerala(1793- Pazhasi raja: KERALA 3rd Anglo-Mysore war, Kottayam, Tax rates
1805) organised Nairs, hitherto independent, given to ECI- P.R. dies at Maliva Todu in a
Mappilas, Pathans appointed vira Varman as Raja gunfight
Massacre of Wazir Ali- AWADH Because he was deposed W.A- killed British resident
Benaras(1799) deposed nawab G.F.Cherry
W.A-defeated by general Erskine
Ganjam and Strikara Bhanj, North Circas S.B rose against revenues-given some Russel was bought to crush this revolt
Gumsur(1800, Jlani Deo, districts by EIC but was kicked out by
1835-37) Jagannath Deo son D.-D. was crushed by EIC and
Dhananjay(-1835- S.B. Bought back-but he retired to D.
S.B>son) Doora and he fought again and was crushed
Bisayi(1837)
Poligars 1- kattabomman Tinneveli, 1-Imm> Taxation KAVAL FEE- Watch Fee=hereditary
revolt(1795- nayakan, Ramanathapura Atcot Nawab gave control of Carnatic village police office
1805) Subramanian m,Sivaganga, to ECI-abolished Poligar Polygar- feudal title for a class of
pillai, soundara sivagiri, system_zamindari introduced. territorial administrative and military
pandian Madurai, N- 2 -Nawab gave civil and mil. Admin govornors appointed by Nayaka rules
2- oomathurai, Arcot to ECI> revoked right of poligars to in south India (in Madurai) + also in
Marathu Pandian, collect KAVAL FEE(1803) Vijayanagara empire
Dheeran
chinnamali
Velu Thampi Velu Thampi-PM Travencore Travencore-Subsid.Alli in 1805 -V.T. made KUNDARA
of Meddling in internal affairs- Proclimation-to rise against British
Travencore(assiste >>subsidy -Supressed(killedhimself)-
d by nairs)
Bundelkhand- B-
Kutch-Baraily- Lakshman,Darya,
Hathras Gopal
H-Dayaram
Paika Bidroh Bakshi Odisha < status of Paikas Paikas=Foot soldiers of odisha-rent
(1817) Jagabandhu Revenue policy free land-policing function
Bidyadhar
1
, Salt tax, banning of Cowrie ECI conquest on Raja of Khurda-in
currency 1803
Payment of tax in silver Was some what successful in gaining
remission and all
Ahom (1828) Gomdhar Assam British not withdrawing from Assam NO suppression by company, but
Kunwar(prince) after first Burmese war conciliatory approach. Divided
Dhanjoy kingdom
Bongohain
Jairam Kharghasi-
-
Wahabi movt. Syed Ahmed of Islamic movement (to on islam and 1. Sithana in N.W. tribal belt- HQ
Rai bareilly return ‘pure age’ 2. Jihad against Sikh kingdom of
(inspired by Punjab, later EIC
Abdul Wahab of
arabia and Shah 3. set up countrywise org
Waliullah of
Delhi)
Surat Salt Gujrat Rise of salt duty from 50 paisa to 1 -result- govt withdraw duty
Satyagrah(1840s) rupee -1848- had to Bengal std withdraw
weights and measures- withrew in
face of boycott and Pasive resistance
KUKA(1840) Bhagat Jawahar West Punjab 1. Religious purification movm BBS-founded Namdhari Sect in
Mal(aka Sian Sikhs
Saheb) 2. When British took over PN: Tenets: no meat+no alc.+ widow
Later- Baba Ram Transformed into Political Movm>> remarriage+caste abolition
Singh to End British rule Propagated Swadesh and Non-
cooperation(even before Swadesh
movt.)
Why Namadhari aka ‘Kukas’>> due to unique style of reciting Gurubani in high pitched voice
called ‘kook’
PEASANT MOVEMENTS(with religious overtones)
UPRISING LEADER REGION REASON OTHERS
Narkelberia uprising Mir Nithar Ali aka Titu Bengal against mainly hindu -First armed peasent
Mir landlords (who uprising
imposed beard tax on -merged later in Wahabi
Faraizis) movt.
Pagal Panthis Karam Shah and Mymensingh district- Zamindar opression
Son-Tipu(Hajong and Bengal
Garo Tribes)
Faraizi Movt. And Movt. Haji Shariatullah Eastern Bengal Expel british Faraizi=followers of muslim
revolt(1838-57) Revolt- Dadu mian sect founded by
Shariatullah of Faridpur
(Bengal)
2. remove un-isalamic
practices + draw attention
towards duties
Mappilah Malabar(Madras) >revenue, <field size Manjeri Conference
Uprising(1836-54) disturbance of supported tenant's cause
traditional system of and demanded legislation
Janmi-Kanamdars by toregulate landlord-tenant
British by giving Janmi relations
2
, the absolute right to
evict tenants
Mappia rebellion 1921 Variankunnath Haji, Ali Reaction against
Musliyar, Sithi Koya crackdown on Khilafat
Thangal movm.
Ahmadiya Movement, Miraz Ghulam Ahmed -western edu
1889 -opposed Jihad
-ONLY community who
believe Messiah come in
person of Mirza Ahmed
TRIBAL UPRISING
UPRISING LEADER REGION REASON OTHERS/FORM
Tribal uprisings can be classified into Mainland and North Eastern Frontier
MAINLAND
Paharyas Raj Mahal Hills British Expansion -some success
- their areas designated as Damn-i-
Koh areas
Chor/ Jungle Shyam Ganjam’ Subla, Bengal Famine, >revenue Other leaders- Madhab Singh, Raja
Mahal revolt Dubraj-(1771) Economic distress Mohan Singh, Lachman Singh
Durjan Singh-1798
KOL(1831) Buddho Bhagat Chhotanagpur Transfer of land from
Kol to outsiders
Judicial and revenue
policies of British
Ho and 1- Raja of 1- Against
Munda(1820- parahat(1820-27) occupation of
39) 2- Ho + Munda Singhbum
ppl(1831-37) 2- Revenue
3- Birsa policy and
Munda(ULGULAN)- entry of
(1860-1920) bengalee’s
Santhal(1855- Sidhu and Kanhu Rajmahal hills British revenue system 1. part of Bengal presidency
56) Chand and Bhairav (Bihar)(now JH)- + Zamindars 2. Santhal Paragana was created
fought in jungles after rebellion + Santhal paragana
of JH and WB tenancy act was passed
Damin-i-koh area: Area marked by british for santhals to cultivate in Rajmahal
Kondh(1837- Chakra Bishnoi Odisha Taxes - Rose again in 1914
56) AP and TN Interf. In customs
KOYA(1803) 2-Tomma Sora Eastern opression
(1879-88) Raja Anantayyr Godawari(A.P)
BHIL(1817--- Givind Guru-by 1913 w. Ghats Company Raj to Bhil Raj
1913)
KOLI Dismantling of Forts,
unemployment
Ramosi Chittir Singh(1822) w. ghats Were employed by Pacifist policy by British
Uprising Umaji Naik(1825-26) Satara area- Maraths and after later Vasudev Phade (aka father of
Bapu Trimbakji Sawant(1829) Maharashtra annexation were left Indian armed struggle)- organized
unemployed group called Ramoshi (Ramoshis +
Bhils+ kols etc) and carried out
decoits
3
, Tana Bhagat Jatra Bhagat Bihar Taxes 1.Tana bhagats, Munda and oraon
Balram Bhagat Outsiders-Baniyas 2. Satyagraha (even before Gandhi)
Zamindars 3. Tana Bhagats- followers of
Gandhi- believed in AHIMSA
Frontier Uprisings
Khasi uprising Tirath Singh Garo and Khasi Outsiders)bought for -Supressed by 1833
building road linkinh Khasis+Garos+Khamptis+Singphos
Brahmaputra valley with
Sylhet
Singphos Nirang Phidu(1843) Assam
Smaller revolts- Mishmis(1836): Khampti rebellion(1839-42), Lushai revolt(1842-44)
THE REVOLT OF 1857
PLACE LEADER BRITISHER
Delhi Ge. Bhakth Khan Lt Willoughby, Lt Hudson, John
Nicholson
Kanpur Nana Saheb Sir Hugh Wheeler, Colin Campbell
Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal Henry Lawrence, Henry Havelock, James
Outram, Colin Campbell, Brig. Inglis
Bareily Khan Bahadur
Bihar Kunwar Singh
Faizabad Molvi Ahmadullah(Danka Shah)
Jhansi Rani Laxmibai (Tantia topi) Huge Rose
Bhagpat/Bagout Shah Mahal Dunlap
Awadh Birjish Qadir
Benaras Col. James Neil
SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORM
1800---
Issues: religious superstition, social obscuranitism, monoploly of scriptural knowledge by priests.
Women: Female infanticide, child marriage, polygamy-KULINISM(old men took younge wives), Sati
Condition of widows-misery humiliation
Caste: caste hierarchies-untouchability
- The reform movements can be classified into two catagories: Reformist and Revivalist
- There were main two agendas during this time:- women and untouchability
Women
STEP ACT/REGULATION GOVERNOR INDIAN
Abolition of Sati Regulation of 1829 William Bentick RRR was instrumental
- Initially to Bengal
- Later to Bombay and Madras-1830
Female Infanticide 1. Bengal regulation of 1795 and 1804 1870-Lord Mayo
2. Female infanticide prevention Act
1870-register births and timely
verification of femal children- initially
only awadh, Punjab,N.W.P
Widow Remarriage Hindu Widows Remarriage Act 1856 Dalhousie(drafted) Jagganath seth and Bhau Daji-
(I.C.Vidyasagar instrumental) Canning(Passed) Maharashtra
Vishnu S. Pandit- Widow
remarriage Association 1850s
Karsondas Mulji- SATYA PRAKASH
1852-promote W.R.
D.K. Karve- widows Home in
Poona
B.M.Malabari, G.M.Ranade,
K.Natrajan
4
UPRISING LEADER REGION REASON OTHERS/FORM
Sanyasi Majnu Shah, Bengal • Famine of 1770 1. Sanyasis were Peasants
revolt(1763-1800) Chirag Ali, Musa • Interf. In religious freedom 2. Raided factories and
Shah, Bhawani of Dasnami Sanyasi and treasuries
Pathak, Devi Madari Fakirs 3. joined by small zamindars,
Chaudhrani • Imm.> restriction to rural poor, ex-soldiers
pilgrimage places 4. Bankim Chandra- Devi
chaudharani,Anandmath(18
82)-novella
5. Indep. Govt in Bogra and
Mymensinghk
Midnapur and Damodhar Singh, Present day Were handed over to EIC by Mir Revenue system
Dhalbhum(1766- Jagannath Dhal Jharkhand Qasim in 1760, along with Budwan
1779) and Chittagong
Moamarias Peasents ASSAM Against Ahom King(help from EIC) BURKANDAZES- demolished
(1769-99) following soldiers of muslim armies
teaching of Opened doors into Assam for other
Aniruddhadeva attackers
Gorakhpur, Basti, Local zamindars Awadh Against Izaradari system imposed by Hasting under Alexander
Bahraic (1781) (1778)imposed by Hasting to Hannay
overcome losses due to war with
Mysore and Maratha
Kerala(1793- Pazhasi raja: KERALA 3rd Anglo-Mysore war, Kottayam, Tax rates
1805) organised Nairs, hitherto independent, given to ECI- P.R. dies at Maliva Todu in a
Mappilas, Pathans appointed vira Varman as Raja gunfight
Massacre of Wazir Ali- AWADH Because he was deposed W.A- killed British resident
Benaras(1799) deposed nawab G.F.Cherry
W.A-defeated by general Erskine
Ganjam and Strikara Bhanj, North Circas S.B rose against revenues-given some Russel was bought to crush this revolt
Gumsur(1800, Jlani Deo, districts by EIC but was kicked out by
1835-37) Jagannath Deo son D.-D. was crushed by EIC and
Dhananjay(-1835- S.B. Bought back-but he retired to D.
S.B>son) Doora and he fought again and was crushed
Bisayi(1837)
Poligars 1- kattabomman Tinneveli, 1-Imm> Taxation KAVAL FEE- Watch Fee=hereditary
revolt(1795- nayakan, Ramanathapura Atcot Nawab gave control of Carnatic village police office
1805) Subramanian m,Sivaganga, to ECI-abolished Poligar Polygar- feudal title for a class of
pillai, soundara sivagiri, system_zamindari introduced. territorial administrative and military
pandian Madurai, N- 2 -Nawab gave civil and mil. Admin govornors appointed by Nayaka rules
2- oomathurai, Arcot to ECI> revoked right of poligars to in south India (in Madurai) + also in
Marathu Pandian, collect KAVAL FEE(1803) Vijayanagara empire
Dheeran
chinnamali
Velu Thampi Velu Thampi-PM Travencore Travencore-Subsid.Alli in 1805 -V.T. made KUNDARA
of Meddling in internal affairs- Proclimation-to rise against British
Travencore(assiste >>subsidy -Supressed(killedhimself)-
d by nairs)
Bundelkhand- B-
Kutch-Baraily- Lakshman,Darya,
Hathras Gopal
H-Dayaram
Paika Bidroh Bakshi Odisha < status of Paikas Paikas=Foot soldiers of odisha-rent
(1817) Jagabandhu Revenue policy free land-policing function
Bidyadhar
1
, Salt tax, banning of Cowrie ECI conquest on Raja of Khurda-in
currency 1803
Payment of tax in silver Was some what successful in gaining
remission and all
Ahom (1828) Gomdhar Assam British not withdrawing from Assam NO suppression by company, but
Kunwar(prince) after first Burmese war conciliatory approach. Divided
Dhanjoy kingdom
Bongohain
Jairam Kharghasi-
-
Wahabi movt. Syed Ahmed of Islamic movement (to on islam and 1. Sithana in N.W. tribal belt- HQ
Rai bareilly return ‘pure age’ 2. Jihad against Sikh kingdom of
(inspired by Punjab, later EIC
Abdul Wahab of
arabia and Shah 3. set up countrywise org
Waliullah of
Delhi)
Surat Salt Gujrat Rise of salt duty from 50 paisa to 1 -result- govt withdraw duty
Satyagrah(1840s) rupee -1848- had to Bengal std withdraw
weights and measures- withrew in
face of boycott and Pasive resistance
KUKA(1840) Bhagat Jawahar West Punjab 1. Religious purification movm BBS-founded Namdhari Sect in
Mal(aka Sian Sikhs
Saheb) 2. When British took over PN: Tenets: no meat+no alc.+ widow
Later- Baba Ram Transformed into Political Movm>> remarriage+caste abolition
Singh to End British rule Propagated Swadesh and Non-
cooperation(even before Swadesh
movt.)
Why Namadhari aka ‘Kukas’>> due to unique style of reciting Gurubani in high pitched voice
called ‘kook’
PEASANT MOVEMENTS(with religious overtones)
UPRISING LEADER REGION REASON OTHERS
Narkelberia uprising Mir Nithar Ali aka Titu Bengal against mainly hindu -First armed peasent
Mir landlords (who uprising
imposed beard tax on -merged later in Wahabi
Faraizis) movt.
Pagal Panthis Karam Shah and Mymensingh district- Zamindar opression
Son-Tipu(Hajong and Bengal
Garo Tribes)
Faraizi Movt. And Movt. Haji Shariatullah Eastern Bengal Expel british Faraizi=followers of muslim
revolt(1838-57) Revolt- Dadu mian sect founded by
Shariatullah of Faridpur
(Bengal)
2. remove un-isalamic
practices + draw attention
towards duties
Mappilah Malabar(Madras) >revenue, <field size Manjeri Conference
Uprising(1836-54) disturbance of supported tenant's cause
traditional system of and demanded legislation
Janmi-Kanamdars by toregulate landlord-tenant
British by giving Janmi relations
2
, the absolute right to
evict tenants
Mappia rebellion 1921 Variankunnath Haji, Ali Reaction against
Musliyar, Sithi Koya crackdown on Khilafat
Thangal movm.
Ahmadiya Movement, Miraz Ghulam Ahmed -western edu
1889 -opposed Jihad
-ONLY community who
believe Messiah come in
person of Mirza Ahmed
TRIBAL UPRISING
UPRISING LEADER REGION REASON OTHERS/FORM
Tribal uprisings can be classified into Mainland and North Eastern Frontier
MAINLAND
Paharyas Raj Mahal Hills British Expansion -some success
- their areas designated as Damn-i-
Koh areas
Chor/ Jungle Shyam Ganjam’ Subla, Bengal Famine, >revenue Other leaders- Madhab Singh, Raja
Mahal revolt Dubraj-(1771) Economic distress Mohan Singh, Lachman Singh
Durjan Singh-1798
KOL(1831) Buddho Bhagat Chhotanagpur Transfer of land from
Kol to outsiders
Judicial and revenue
policies of British
Ho and 1- Raja of 1- Against
Munda(1820- parahat(1820-27) occupation of
39) 2- Ho + Munda Singhbum
ppl(1831-37) 2- Revenue
3- Birsa policy and
Munda(ULGULAN)- entry of
(1860-1920) bengalee’s
Santhal(1855- Sidhu and Kanhu Rajmahal hills British revenue system 1. part of Bengal presidency
56) Chand and Bhairav (Bihar)(now JH)- + Zamindars 2. Santhal Paragana was created
fought in jungles after rebellion + Santhal paragana
of JH and WB tenancy act was passed
Damin-i-koh area: Area marked by british for santhals to cultivate in Rajmahal
Kondh(1837- Chakra Bishnoi Odisha Taxes - Rose again in 1914
56) AP and TN Interf. In customs
KOYA(1803) 2-Tomma Sora Eastern opression
(1879-88) Raja Anantayyr Godawari(A.P)
BHIL(1817--- Givind Guru-by 1913 w. Ghats Company Raj to Bhil Raj
1913)
KOLI Dismantling of Forts,
unemployment
Ramosi Chittir Singh(1822) w. ghats Were employed by Pacifist policy by British
Uprising Umaji Naik(1825-26) Satara area- Maraths and after later Vasudev Phade (aka father of
Bapu Trimbakji Sawant(1829) Maharashtra annexation were left Indian armed struggle)- organized
unemployed group called Ramoshi (Ramoshis +
Bhils+ kols etc) and carried out
decoits
3
, Tana Bhagat Jatra Bhagat Bihar Taxes 1.Tana bhagats, Munda and oraon
Balram Bhagat Outsiders-Baniyas 2. Satyagraha (even before Gandhi)
Zamindars 3. Tana Bhagats- followers of
Gandhi- believed in AHIMSA
Frontier Uprisings
Khasi uprising Tirath Singh Garo and Khasi Outsiders)bought for -Supressed by 1833
building road linkinh Khasis+Garos+Khamptis+Singphos
Brahmaputra valley with
Sylhet
Singphos Nirang Phidu(1843) Assam
Smaller revolts- Mishmis(1836): Khampti rebellion(1839-42), Lushai revolt(1842-44)
THE REVOLT OF 1857
PLACE LEADER BRITISHER
Delhi Ge. Bhakth Khan Lt Willoughby, Lt Hudson, John
Nicholson
Kanpur Nana Saheb Sir Hugh Wheeler, Colin Campbell
Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal Henry Lawrence, Henry Havelock, James
Outram, Colin Campbell, Brig. Inglis
Bareily Khan Bahadur
Bihar Kunwar Singh
Faizabad Molvi Ahmadullah(Danka Shah)
Jhansi Rani Laxmibai (Tantia topi) Huge Rose
Bhagpat/Bagout Shah Mahal Dunlap
Awadh Birjish Qadir
Benaras Col. James Neil
SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORM
1800---
Issues: religious superstition, social obscuranitism, monoploly of scriptural knowledge by priests.
Women: Female infanticide, child marriage, polygamy-KULINISM(old men took younge wives), Sati
Condition of widows-misery humiliation
Caste: caste hierarchies-untouchability
- The reform movements can be classified into two catagories: Reformist and Revivalist
- There were main two agendas during this time:- women and untouchability
Women
STEP ACT/REGULATION GOVERNOR INDIAN
Abolition of Sati Regulation of 1829 William Bentick RRR was instrumental
- Initially to Bengal
- Later to Bombay and Madras-1830
Female Infanticide 1. Bengal regulation of 1795 and 1804 1870-Lord Mayo
2. Female infanticide prevention Act
1870-register births and timely
verification of femal children- initially
only awadh, Punjab,N.W.P
Widow Remarriage Hindu Widows Remarriage Act 1856 Dalhousie(drafted) Jagganath seth and Bhau Daji-
(I.C.Vidyasagar instrumental) Canning(Passed) Maharashtra
Vishnu S. Pandit- Widow
remarriage Association 1850s
Karsondas Mulji- SATYA PRAKASH
1852-promote W.R.
D.K. Karve- widows Home in
Poona
B.M.Malabari, G.M.Ranade,
K.Natrajan
4
