Pharmacology Hesi QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!! 2024/ 2025[NEXT
GEN]
Create a high risk of digoxin toxicity if taken long-term and daily - ANSWER>>Digoxin and
Furosemide (Lasix)
Dangers associated with Lasix - ANSWER>>Hypokalemia leading to digoxin toxicity
Normal Digoxin levels - ANSWER>>0.5 - 2 ng/ml
Normal serum potassium levels - ANSWER>>3.5 to 5 mEq/L
Low potassium or magnesium levels may increase risk for what toxicity? - ANSWER>>Digoxin
toxicity
Signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity - ANSWER>>Anorexia, bradycardia, headache, dizziness,
confusion, nausea and visual disturbances (blurred vision, yellow vision and/or halo vision)
When should you hold the Labetolol and notify the prescriber? - ANSWER>>When the pt's pulse
rate too low
Side effects of Labetolol - ANSWER>>Weight gain due to fluid retention
How much weight should the patient be losing when taking Labetolol? - ANSWER>>1kg (2.2 lb.)
= 1,000 mL fluid gain or loss in 24 hours.
When should you remove the nitroglycerin transdermal patch? and why? - ANSWER>>At night;
It can produce tolerance when worn for 24 hours
How long should be without the nitroglycerin transdermal patch at night? - ANSWER>>8 hours
Why wear gloves when applying nitroglycerin paste or patch? - ANSWER>>Because it can cause
severe vasodilation, decrease blood pressure, intense headache to the administrator.
,What can you give to a patient who is taken the nitroglycerin paste/patch and is experiencing a
headache? - ANSWER>>Acetaminophen
What action should you take when the patient is experiencing angina and is prescribed nitro? -
ANSWER>>If the vital signs are okay, leave the nitroglycerin patch and administer the PRN
sublingual nitro.
VS associated with nitro drip - ANSWER>>hypotension: decrease drip rate
What is the common ending for calcium channel blockers? - ANSWER>>-dipine
What are the other two names for calcium channel blockers that do not end in -dipine? -
ANSWER>>Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem)
"Dipines" affect only what? - ANSWER>>Vessels (vasodilation)
SE of calcium channel blockers - ANSWER>>Dizziness, facial flushing, hypotension and edema.
Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem) also affect what? - ANSWER>>The heart and vessels
What should you monitor when the patient is taking calcium channel blocker? -
ANSWER>>Blood pressure and decrease heart rate.
What is another side effect in Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem)? -
ANSWER>>Constipation
What is a beverage that you should avoid when taking calcium channel blockers? -
ANSWER>>Grapefruit juice
Aliskiren (Tekturna) is what kind of medication? - ANSWER>>Direct renin inhibitor
What does Aliskiren (Tekturna) treat? - ANSWER>>Hypertension
What are some teaching interventions when taking Aliskiren (Tekturna)? - ANSWER>>Don't
take if pregnant (stop the drug immediately when the patient is pregnant). Don't take with high
fat meal.
,What does Aliskiren (Tekturna) increase and what should they avoid? - ANSWER>>They
increase potassium levels so don't take medications that increase potassium.
Furosemide (Lasix) is what kind of drug? - ANSWER>>Loop diuretic
Is furosemide (Lasix) slow or rapid acting? - ANSWER>>Rapid
What is the use for furosemide (Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Rapid diuresis in emergencies such as
pulmonary edema.
Furosemide (Lasix) may produce what kind of adverse effect? - ANSWER>>Hypokalemia
What should you assess when you suspect patient of hypokalemia? - ANSWER>>Muscle cramps
and muscle weakness.
What also should you assess when patient is experiencing some adverse effects of furosemide
(Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Hypotension, fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, and dehydration.
What are the side effects of furosemide (Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Dizziness, headache, tinnitus,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low potassium levels, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity with
aminoglycosides (drugs that end in -mycin).
What is biggest side effect concern when patient taking furosemide (Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Low
potassium levels
When a patient needs potassium supplements what are some foods a patient can consume that
contain potassium? - ANSWER>>Dried fruits, fish, leafy veggies, squash, beans, meats, nuts,
bananas, potatoes, and diary products.
What is another name for IV potassium? - ANSWER>>KCl
What should you assess when the patient is on IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Overall condition of
the veins.
Which vein should you use when administering IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Large vein, like the
antecubital vein.
, Why is venous access important when administering IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Because it can
irritate the skin.
What should you do when the patient is burning at the site during the IV potassium? -
ANSWER>>Notify the nurse immediately
IV Potassium extravasation can cause what? - ANSWER>>Necrosis of the tissues
What should you assess and confirm prior to administering IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Calculate
and set the rate as ordered, know anticipated duration of therapy and know the restrictions
imposed by patient's history.
Do not give what kind of IV during IV potassium? - ANSWER>>IV push
You should infuse the IV potassium rate no greater than what in peripheral IV? - ANSWER>>10
mEq/hr.
You should infuse the IV potassium rate no greater than what in central line? - ANSWER>>20
mEq/hr.
Always use what for IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Infusion pump
How often should you assess the IV site when patient is on IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Every
hour
What is the treatment of hypokalemia adults IV? - ANSWER>>10-20 mEq/dose (maximum 40
mEq/dose) to infuse over 2-3 hours. Maximum infusion rate 40 mEq/hr.
Antihypertensive effects are more pronounced in which age group? - ANSWER>>Elderly
Which antihypertensive will raise potassium? - ANSWER>>ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II
receptor blockers (ARBs) and renin inhibitors.
How can you determine the effectiveness of Osmitrol (Mannitol)? - ANSWER>>Decrease
intracranial pressure
What is Osmitrol (Mannitol) NOT used for? - ANSWER>>Peripheral edema
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!! 2024/ 2025[NEXT
GEN]
Create a high risk of digoxin toxicity if taken long-term and daily - ANSWER>>Digoxin and
Furosemide (Lasix)
Dangers associated with Lasix - ANSWER>>Hypokalemia leading to digoxin toxicity
Normal Digoxin levels - ANSWER>>0.5 - 2 ng/ml
Normal serum potassium levels - ANSWER>>3.5 to 5 mEq/L
Low potassium or magnesium levels may increase risk for what toxicity? - ANSWER>>Digoxin
toxicity
Signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity - ANSWER>>Anorexia, bradycardia, headache, dizziness,
confusion, nausea and visual disturbances (blurred vision, yellow vision and/or halo vision)
When should you hold the Labetolol and notify the prescriber? - ANSWER>>When the pt's pulse
rate too low
Side effects of Labetolol - ANSWER>>Weight gain due to fluid retention
How much weight should the patient be losing when taking Labetolol? - ANSWER>>1kg (2.2 lb.)
= 1,000 mL fluid gain or loss in 24 hours.
When should you remove the nitroglycerin transdermal patch? and why? - ANSWER>>At night;
It can produce tolerance when worn for 24 hours
How long should be without the nitroglycerin transdermal patch at night? - ANSWER>>8 hours
Why wear gloves when applying nitroglycerin paste or patch? - ANSWER>>Because it can cause
severe vasodilation, decrease blood pressure, intense headache to the administrator.
,What can you give to a patient who is taken the nitroglycerin paste/patch and is experiencing a
headache? - ANSWER>>Acetaminophen
What action should you take when the patient is experiencing angina and is prescribed nitro? -
ANSWER>>If the vital signs are okay, leave the nitroglycerin patch and administer the PRN
sublingual nitro.
VS associated with nitro drip - ANSWER>>hypotension: decrease drip rate
What is the common ending for calcium channel blockers? - ANSWER>>-dipine
What are the other two names for calcium channel blockers that do not end in -dipine? -
ANSWER>>Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem)
"Dipines" affect only what? - ANSWER>>Vessels (vasodilation)
SE of calcium channel blockers - ANSWER>>Dizziness, facial flushing, hypotension and edema.
Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem) also affect what? - ANSWER>>The heart and vessels
What should you monitor when the patient is taking calcium channel blocker? -
ANSWER>>Blood pressure and decrease heart rate.
What is another side effect in Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem)? -
ANSWER>>Constipation
What is a beverage that you should avoid when taking calcium channel blockers? -
ANSWER>>Grapefruit juice
Aliskiren (Tekturna) is what kind of medication? - ANSWER>>Direct renin inhibitor
What does Aliskiren (Tekturna) treat? - ANSWER>>Hypertension
What are some teaching interventions when taking Aliskiren (Tekturna)? - ANSWER>>Don't
take if pregnant (stop the drug immediately when the patient is pregnant). Don't take with high
fat meal.
,What does Aliskiren (Tekturna) increase and what should they avoid? - ANSWER>>They
increase potassium levels so don't take medications that increase potassium.
Furosemide (Lasix) is what kind of drug? - ANSWER>>Loop diuretic
Is furosemide (Lasix) slow or rapid acting? - ANSWER>>Rapid
What is the use for furosemide (Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Rapid diuresis in emergencies such as
pulmonary edema.
Furosemide (Lasix) may produce what kind of adverse effect? - ANSWER>>Hypokalemia
What should you assess when you suspect patient of hypokalemia? - ANSWER>>Muscle cramps
and muscle weakness.
What also should you assess when patient is experiencing some adverse effects of furosemide
(Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Hypotension, fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, and dehydration.
What are the side effects of furosemide (Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Dizziness, headache, tinnitus,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low potassium levels, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity with
aminoglycosides (drugs that end in -mycin).
What is biggest side effect concern when patient taking furosemide (Lasix)? - ANSWER>>Low
potassium levels
When a patient needs potassium supplements what are some foods a patient can consume that
contain potassium? - ANSWER>>Dried fruits, fish, leafy veggies, squash, beans, meats, nuts,
bananas, potatoes, and diary products.
What is another name for IV potassium? - ANSWER>>KCl
What should you assess when the patient is on IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Overall condition of
the veins.
Which vein should you use when administering IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Large vein, like the
antecubital vein.
, Why is venous access important when administering IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Because it can
irritate the skin.
What should you do when the patient is burning at the site during the IV potassium? -
ANSWER>>Notify the nurse immediately
IV Potassium extravasation can cause what? - ANSWER>>Necrosis of the tissues
What should you assess and confirm prior to administering IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Calculate
and set the rate as ordered, know anticipated duration of therapy and know the restrictions
imposed by patient's history.
Do not give what kind of IV during IV potassium? - ANSWER>>IV push
You should infuse the IV potassium rate no greater than what in peripheral IV? - ANSWER>>10
mEq/hr.
You should infuse the IV potassium rate no greater than what in central line? - ANSWER>>20
mEq/hr.
Always use what for IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Infusion pump
How often should you assess the IV site when patient is on IV potassium? - ANSWER>>Every
hour
What is the treatment of hypokalemia adults IV? - ANSWER>>10-20 mEq/dose (maximum 40
mEq/dose) to infuse over 2-3 hours. Maximum infusion rate 40 mEq/hr.
Antihypertensive effects are more pronounced in which age group? - ANSWER>>Elderly
Which antihypertensive will raise potassium? - ANSWER>>ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II
receptor blockers (ARBs) and renin inhibitors.
How can you determine the effectiveness of Osmitrol (Mannitol)? - ANSWER>>Decrease
intracranial pressure
What is Osmitrol (Mannitol) NOT used for? - ANSWER>>Peripheral edema
