PHIL 101)Philosophy 101 Exam 1: Philosophy 101 Exam 2: Philosophy
101 Exam 3: Philosophy 101 Exam 4:Questions & Answers
What are the four conditions of the Doctrine of Double Effect? - ANSWER:first, that the action
contemplated be in itself either morally good or morally indifferent; second, that the bad result not be
directly intended; third, that the good result not be a direct causal result of the bad result; and fourth,
that the good result be "proportionate to" the bad result.
What moral dilemmas pass DDE? - ANSWER:Terminal Sedation, Doctor gives morphine to relieve pain
but it causes patient to die.
Tactical Bombing, Bomb a Military base
Pulling the lever to change the direction of the trolley car
What actions are morally wrong because they violate one/some of the conditions of DDE? -
ANSWER:Terror Bombing, Bomb a Village
Active Euthanasia Doctor gives drug to kill patient to end suffering.
Shoving a fat guy on the tracks in front of a group of people to hopefully stop the trolley car before it hits
the people.
2.In Aquinas's discussion of DDE what does Aquinas state about the moral permissibility of self-defense?
- ANSWER:It would seem that nobody may lawfully kill a man in self-defense [unless one be a soldier,
exercise a public office, so that one does it not for oneself but for others, having the power to do so,
provided it be in keeping with one's person.]
it is unlawful for any man to take the life of another for the sake of the life of his own body.
killing under any circumstances is unlawful therefore killing and repenting to return to a former state is
unlawful
Murder is worse than fornification or adultary and both of those are not acceptable therefore murdering
in self-defense is unlawful
"if the tree is evil so is the fruit" self-defense is unlawful so slaying another man is unlawful
, How can DDE be applied to these acts: abortion, hysterectomy of cancerous uterus, active euthanasia vs.
terminal sedation, tactical vs. terror bombing, sacrificing innocent persons? - ANSWER:Abortion: NO!
Woman is free but fetus dies in the process
Cancerous Uterus: YES! Action leads directly to good
active euthanasia vs. terminal sedation: Terminal sedation: YES! bc relieves pain as direct result. Active
euthanasia ends pain but causes death so NO!
tactical vs. terror bombing: Tactical: YES because no intention of killing innocent. Terror NO! because
innocent lives lost regardless of how many "bad" people die
Sacrificing innocent people:
3.According to Aquinas, can we know by reason that God exists? - ANSWER:According to Aquinas yes we
can know by reason that god exists
Ex: Nothing moves unless put in motion by another thing so there must be a first mover, we see this
mover as God. The staff doesn't move without the hand
In his Argument from Motion, how does the notion of infinite regress tie in with the existence of God? -
ANSWER:Ex: Nothing moves unless put in motion by another thing so there must be a first mover, we
see this mover as God. The staff doesn't move without the hand
Does infinite regress exist in Aquinas's view? - ANSWER:no because then nothing would ever move,
something had to start the movement [the first mover] God
What follows from the idea of infinite regress? - ANSWER:if there is infinite regress then there cannot be
a something to start the movement
4.What examples does Aquinas use as objects which can be moved? - ANSWER:Staff
Wood and Fire
Who moves these objects? - ANSWER:The staff does not move without the hand
Fire makes wood go from cold to hot, it changes it and therefore moves it
Cold wood is potentially hot and actually cold, wood on fire is actually hot and potentially cold
How does Aquinas characterize the role of God with respect to motion? - ANSWER:God is the first mover
5. What is Epicurus's idea of the greatest happiness? - ANSWER:Ataraxia
Not Suffering. "Ataraxia" = Tranquility, not in a state of desire or need.
What is "ataraxia"? - ANSWER:Tranquility peace of mind and body. Freedom from bodily pain and
troubled mind
What are the prime sources of unhappiness for people? - ANSWER:Prime Sources = unable to fulfill
desires
Things we desire but don't necessarily need are what causes unhappiness for people
101 Exam 3: Philosophy 101 Exam 4:Questions & Answers
What are the four conditions of the Doctrine of Double Effect? - ANSWER:first, that the action
contemplated be in itself either morally good or morally indifferent; second, that the bad result not be
directly intended; third, that the good result not be a direct causal result of the bad result; and fourth,
that the good result be "proportionate to" the bad result.
What moral dilemmas pass DDE? - ANSWER:Terminal Sedation, Doctor gives morphine to relieve pain
but it causes patient to die.
Tactical Bombing, Bomb a Military base
Pulling the lever to change the direction of the trolley car
What actions are morally wrong because they violate one/some of the conditions of DDE? -
ANSWER:Terror Bombing, Bomb a Village
Active Euthanasia Doctor gives drug to kill patient to end suffering.
Shoving a fat guy on the tracks in front of a group of people to hopefully stop the trolley car before it hits
the people.
2.In Aquinas's discussion of DDE what does Aquinas state about the moral permissibility of self-defense?
- ANSWER:It would seem that nobody may lawfully kill a man in self-defense [unless one be a soldier,
exercise a public office, so that one does it not for oneself but for others, having the power to do so,
provided it be in keeping with one's person.]
it is unlawful for any man to take the life of another for the sake of the life of his own body.
killing under any circumstances is unlawful therefore killing and repenting to return to a former state is
unlawful
Murder is worse than fornification or adultary and both of those are not acceptable therefore murdering
in self-defense is unlawful
"if the tree is evil so is the fruit" self-defense is unlawful so slaying another man is unlawful
, How can DDE be applied to these acts: abortion, hysterectomy of cancerous uterus, active euthanasia vs.
terminal sedation, tactical vs. terror bombing, sacrificing innocent persons? - ANSWER:Abortion: NO!
Woman is free but fetus dies in the process
Cancerous Uterus: YES! Action leads directly to good
active euthanasia vs. terminal sedation: Terminal sedation: YES! bc relieves pain as direct result. Active
euthanasia ends pain but causes death so NO!
tactical vs. terror bombing: Tactical: YES because no intention of killing innocent. Terror NO! because
innocent lives lost regardless of how many "bad" people die
Sacrificing innocent people:
3.According to Aquinas, can we know by reason that God exists? - ANSWER:According to Aquinas yes we
can know by reason that god exists
Ex: Nothing moves unless put in motion by another thing so there must be a first mover, we see this
mover as God. The staff doesn't move without the hand
In his Argument from Motion, how does the notion of infinite regress tie in with the existence of God? -
ANSWER:Ex: Nothing moves unless put in motion by another thing so there must be a first mover, we
see this mover as God. The staff doesn't move without the hand
Does infinite regress exist in Aquinas's view? - ANSWER:no because then nothing would ever move,
something had to start the movement [the first mover] God
What follows from the idea of infinite regress? - ANSWER:if there is infinite regress then there cannot be
a something to start the movement
4.What examples does Aquinas use as objects which can be moved? - ANSWER:Staff
Wood and Fire
Who moves these objects? - ANSWER:The staff does not move without the hand
Fire makes wood go from cold to hot, it changes it and therefore moves it
Cold wood is potentially hot and actually cold, wood on fire is actually hot and potentially cold
How does Aquinas characterize the role of God with respect to motion? - ANSWER:God is the first mover
5. What is Epicurus's idea of the greatest happiness? - ANSWER:Ataraxia
Not Suffering. "Ataraxia" = Tranquility, not in a state of desire or need.
What is "ataraxia"? - ANSWER:Tranquility peace of mind and body. Freedom from bodily pain and
troubled mind
What are the prime sources of unhappiness for people? - ANSWER:Prime Sources = unable to fulfill
desires
Things we desire but don't necessarily need are what causes unhappiness for people
