RD Exam Study Guide: Questions & Answers
What are the minimum supplements during pregnancy? - ANSWER400 mcg folic acid
30 mg iron (during second and third trimesters)
What hormone stimulates placental development after implantation? -
ANSWERprogesterone
Define VLBW in grams. - ANSWER< 1500g (3.3 lbs)
Define LBW in grams - ANSWER< 2500g (5.5 lbs)
Define NBW in grams - ANSWER2500 - 4000 g
What are average caloric needs for 0-6m infants? - ANSWERMales: 570 kcal/d
Females: 520 kcal/d
What are average caloric needs for 7-12m infants? - ANSWERMales: 743 kcal/d
Females: 676 kcal/d
How much water to athletes require during exercise? - ANSWER16 oz for every 1 lb
of body weight lost
Which herbs have potential interactions with anti-coagulants? - ANSWERginger,
ginseng, garlic, ginko, black cohosh
Which herb should be avoided during liver disease? - ANSWERvalerian root
What are the three types of digestive action? - ANSWERchemical, mechanical
(physical), and bacterial
Define colonic salvage. - ANSWERThe harvesting of energy from indigestible CHO via
anaerobic fermentation by the gut bacteria.
List the order in which the enzymes of carbohydrate digestion are acquired during
development. - ANSWERSucrase + maltase
Lactase
Amylase
What are the three primary glucose sources in the body? - ANSWER1) dietary
glucose
2) Liver glycogen
3) products of intermediate metabolism
Which amino acid is the most glucogenic - ANSWERalanine
Name the three end products of metabolism - ANSWERCO2, ATP, water
, Which enzyme in the liver allows liver glycogen to be used to increase blood
glucose? - ANSWERglucose-6-phosphatase
What happens during the Cori cycle? - ANSWERlactate is released from the tissue,
transported to the liver, and converted to pyruvate
What is the primary substrate for energy production in the Krebs cycle? -
ANSWERpyruvate
What is the intermediate breakdown product of protein, carbohydrate, and fat? -
ANSWERacetyl coA
Which reaction takes place at the beginning of the Krebs cycle? - ANSWERreaction of
oxaloacetate and acetyl coA to form citrate
Why do ketone bodies form? - ANSWERIn absence of dietary CHO, insufficient
oxaloacetate is present to react with acetyl coA in the Krebs cycle. Acetyl coA is
shunted to lypolysis (for energy production), and ketone bodies are formed as a by-
product.
How many ATP are generated in the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
- ANSWER38
What vitamin is required for the transport of amino acids? - ANSWERB6
Name the branched-chain amino acids. - ANSWERleucine, isoleucine, valine
(Lucy is so valant.)
What are the steps in protein catabolism? - ANSWER1) deamination
2) conversion of NH2 to ammonia + excretion of ammonia via urea cycle
OR
3) use of NH2 in purine synthesis or transamination
Name the end products of fat metabolism. - ANSWERmono & diglycerides + glycerol
+ fatty acids
Which lipids are absorbed directly into the portal blood? - ANSWERglycerol, short
chain FA's, medium chain FA's, some phospholipids
Where (anatomically) do chylomicrons enter the blood stream? - ANSWERthoracic
duct
Which gland performs the central regulation of food intake? -
ANSWERHypothalamus (via gluco-receptors)
What are the minimum supplements during pregnancy? - ANSWER400 mcg folic acid
30 mg iron (during second and third trimesters)
What hormone stimulates placental development after implantation? -
ANSWERprogesterone
Define VLBW in grams. - ANSWER< 1500g (3.3 lbs)
Define LBW in grams - ANSWER< 2500g (5.5 lbs)
Define NBW in grams - ANSWER2500 - 4000 g
What are average caloric needs for 0-6m infants? - ANSWERMales: 570 kcal/d
Females: 520 kcal/d
What are average caloric needs for 7-12m infants? - ANSWERMales: 743 kcal/d
Females: 676 kcal/d
How much water to athletes require during exercise? - ANSWER16 oz for every 1 lb
of body weight lost
Which herbs have potential interactions with anti-coagulants? - ANSWERginger,
ginseng, garlic, ginko, black cohosh
Which herb should be avoided during liver disease? - ANSWERvalerian root
What are the three types of digestive action? - ANSWERchemical, mechanical
(physical), and bacterial
Define colonic salvage. - ANSWERThe harvesting of energy from indigestible CHO via
anaerobic fermentation by the gut bacteria.
List the order in which the enzymes of carbohydrate digestion are acquired during
development. - ANSWERSucrase + maltase
Lactase
Amylase
What are the three primary glucose sources in the body? - ANSWER1) dietary
glucose
2) Liver glycogen
3) products of intermediate metabolism
Which amino acid is the most glucogenic - ANSWERalanine
Name the three end products of metabolism - ANSWERCO2, ATP, water
, Which enzyme in the liver allows liver glycogen to be used to increase blood
glucose? - ANSWERglucose-6-phosphatase
What happens during the Cori cycle? - ANSWERlactate is released from the tissue,
transported to the liver, and converted to pyruvate
What is the primary substrate for energy production in the Krebs cycle? -
ANSWERpyruvate
What is the intermediate breakdown product of protein, carbohydrate, and fat? -
ANSWERacetyl coA
Which reaction takes place at the beginning of the Krebs cycle? - ANSWERreaction of
oxaloacetate and acetyl coA to form citrate
Why do ketone bodies form? - ANSWERIn absence of dietary CHO, insufficient
oxaloacetate is present to react with acetyl coA in the Krebs cycle. Acetyl coA is
shunted to lypolysis (for energy production), and ketone bodies are formed as a by-
product.
How many ATP are generated in the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
- ANSWER38
What vitamin is required for the transport of amino acids? - ANSWERB6
Name the branched-chain amino acids. - ANSWERleucine, isoleucine, valine
(Lucy is so valant.)
What are the steps in protein catabolism? - ANSWER1) deamination
2) conversion of NH2 to ammonia + excretion of ammonia via urea cycle
OR
3) use of NH2 in purine synthesis or transamination
Name the end products of fat metabolism. - ANSWERmono & diglycerides + glycerol
+ fatty acids
Which lipids are absorbed directly into the portal blood? - ANSWERglycerol, short
chain FA's, medium chain FA's, some phospholipids
Where (anatomically) do chylomicrons enter the blood stream? - ANSWERthoracic
duct
Which gland performs the central regulation of food intake? -
ANSWERHypothalamus (via gluco-receptors)
