NAFC PERSONAL TRAINING EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
gross anatomy
also called systemic anatomy organized according to organ systems
biomechanics
the study of the mechanics of a living body, especially of the forces exerted by muscles
and gravity on the skeletal structure
proximal
nearest to the body center
distal
farthest from the body center
superior (cranial)
above, toward the head
inferior (caudal)
lower than, toward the feet
anterior (ventral)
toward the front
posterior (dorsal)
toward the back
medial
closer to the midline
lateral
away from the midline
3 cardinal planes
sagittal, frontal, transverse
sagittal
divides into RIGHT and LEFT portions
frontal
divides into anterior and posterior portions
transverse
divides into superior and inferior portions
3 axes of the body
mediolateral, anteroposterior, longitudinal
mediolateral
perpendicular to the sagittal plane
anteroposterior
perpendicular to the frontal plane
longitudinal
perpendicular to the transverse plane
flexion
movement that DECREASES the joint angle
extension
movement that INCREASES the joint angle
, FLEXION and EXTENSION occur in a ___ plane around a ___ axis
sagittal, mediolateral
adduction
movement TOWARD the midline of the body
abduction
movement AWAY from the midline of the body
ADDUCTION and ABDUCTION occur in a ___ plane around an ___ plane
frontal, anteroposterior
rotation
movement around a longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane, either toward or away
from the midline
circumduction
movement in a circular direction that describes a cone shape such as the circular
movement of a limb or the eye
pronation
palm facing downward
supination
palm facing upward
PRONATION and SUPINATION are rotational movements at the ___ joint in a ___
plane about a ___ axis
radioulnar, transverse, longitudinal
plantarflexion
extension at the ankle joint
dorsiflexion
flexion at the ankle joint
eversion
turning the sole of the foot AWAY from the midline
inversion
turning the sole of the foot TOWARD the midline
axial skeleton
forms the longitudinal axis of the body, supports and protects organs, and provides
surface area for the attachment of muscles
the axial skeleton includes...
the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
the most important bone of the skull for exercise testing is the ___
mandible
mandible
may serve as an orienting landmark for palpating the carotid artery to access pulse
spine
also called the vertebral column, which serves as the main axial support for the body
curvatures of the vertebral column
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
coccyx
tailbone
intervertebral disks
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
gross anatomy
also called systemic anatomy organized according to organ systems
biomechanics
the study of the mechanics of a living body, especially of the forces exerted by muscles
and gravity on the skeletal structure
proximal
nearest to the body center
distal
farthest from the body center
superior (cranial)
above, toward the head
inferior (caudal)
lower than, toward the feet
anterior (ventral)
toward the front
posterior (dorsal)
toward the back
medial
closer to the midline
lateral
away from the midline
3 cardinal planes
sagittal, frontal, transverse
sagittal
divides into RIGHT and LEFT portions
frontal
divides into anterior and posterior portions
transverse
divides into superior and inferior portions
3 axes of the body
mediolateral, anteroposterior, longitudinal
mediolateral
perpendicular to the sagittal plane
anteroposterior
perpendicular to the frontal plane
longitudinal
perpendicular to the transverse plane
flexion
movement that DECREASES the joint angle
extension
movement that INCREASES the joint angle
, FLEXION and EXTENSION occur in a ___ plane around a ___ axis
sagittal, mediolateral
adduction
movement TOWARD the midline of the body
abduction
movement AWAY from the midline of the body
ADDUCTION and ABDUCTION occur in a ___ plane around an ___ plane
frontal, anteroposterior
rotation
movement around a longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane, either toward or away
from the midline
circumduction
movement in a circular direction that describes a cone shape such as the circular
movement of a limb or the eye
pronation
palm facing downward
supination
palm facing upward
PRONATION and SUPINATION are rotational movements at the ___ joint in a ___
plane about a ___ axis
radioulnar, transverse, longitudinal
plantarflexion
extension at the ankle joint
dorsiflexion
flexion at the ankle joint
eversion
turning the sole of the foot AWAY from the midline
inversion
turning the sole of the foot TOWARD the midline
axial skeleton
forms the longitudinal axis of the body, supports and protects organs, and provides
surface area for the attachment of muscles
the axial skeleton includes...
the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
the most important bone of the skull for exercise testing is the ___
mandible
mandible
may serve as an orienting landmark for palpating the carotid artery to access pulse
spine
also called the vertebral column, which serves as the main axial support for the body
curvatures of the vertebral column
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
coccyx
tailbone
intervertebral disks
