Colorado Licensure: Colorado Licensure Exam :
Updated A+ Guide Solution
Alliteration - ANSWERThe repetition of the initial phoneme of each word in
connected text (e.g., Harry the happy hippo hula-hoops with Henrietta).
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWERThe concept that letters and letter combinations
represent individual phonemes in written words.
Blending - ANSWERThe task of combining sounds rapidly, to accurately represent the
word.
Chunking - ANSWERA decoding strategy for breaking words into manageable parts
(e.g, yes ter day). Chunking also refers to the process of dividing a sentence into
smaller phrases where pauses might occur naturally (e.g., When the sun appeared
after the storm, / the newly fallen snow /shimmered like diamonds).
Consonant Blend - ANSWERTwo or more consecutive consonants which retain their
individual sounds (e.g., bl in block; str in string).
Consonant Digraph - ANSWERTwo consecutive consonants that represent one
phoneme, or sound (e.g., ch, sh).
Continuous Sounds - ANSWERA sound that can be held for several seconds without
distortion (e.g., /m/, /s/).
Digraphs - ANSWERA group of two consecutive letters whose phonetic value is a
single sound (e.g., ea in bread; ch in chat; ng in sing).
Diphthong - ANSWERA vowel produced by the tongue shifting position during
articulation; a vowel that feels as if it has two parts, especially the vowels spelled ou
and oi.
Elkonin Boxes - ANSWERA framework used during phonemic awareness instruction.
Elkonin Boxes are sometimes referred to as Sound Boxes. When working with words,
the teacher can draw one box per sound for a target word. Students push a penny or
a marker into one box as they segment each sound in the word.
Emergent Literacy - ANSWERThe skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are
developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing.
Graphophonemic Knowledge - ANSWERKnowledge of the relationships between
letters and phonemes.
Onset and Rime - ANSWEROnsets and rimes are parts of spoken language that are
smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. An onset is the initial consonant(s)
, sound of a syllable (the onset of bag is b-; of swim, sw-). A rime is the part of a
syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (the rime of bag is -ag; of swim,
-im).
Phoneme - ANSWERA phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a
difference in the meaning of words. English has about 41 phonemes. A few words,
such as a or oh, have only one phoneme. Most words, however, have more than one
phoneme: The word if has two phonemes (/i/ /f/); check has three phonemes
(/ch/ /e/ /k/), and stop has four phonemes (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/). Sometimes one
phoneme is represented by more than one letter.
Phoneme Isolation - ANSWERRecognizing individual sounds in a word (e.g., /p/ is the
first sound in pan).
Phoneme Manipulation - ANSWERAdding, deleting, and substituting sounds in words
(e.g., add /b/ to oat to make boat; delete /p/ in pat to make at; substitute /o/ for /a/
in pat to make pot).
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWERPhonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify,
and manipulate the individual sounds--phonemes--in spoken words; the highest level
of phonological awareness.
Phonological Awareness - ANSWERPhonological awareness is a broad term that
includes phonemic awareness. In addition to phonemes, phonological awareness
activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes.
Segmenting - ANSWERSeparating the individual phonemes, or sounds, of a word into
discrete units.
Syllable - ANSWERA syllable is a word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken
language, a vowel sound (e-vent; news-pa-per; ver-y).
Vowel Digraph or Vowel Pair - ANSWERTwo vowels together that represent one
phoneme, or sound (e.g., ea, ai, oa).
Alphabetic - ANSWERA writing system containing characters or symbols representing
sounds.
Alphabetic
Knowledge - ANSWERKnowing letters of the alphabetic and knowing that letters are
used for writing.
Alphabetic Layer of Instruction - ANSWERThe first layer of word study instruction
focusing on letters and letter-sound correspondence.
Updated A+ Guide Solution
Alliteration - ANSWERThe repetition of the initial phoneme of each word in
connected text (e.g., Harry the happy hippo hula-hoops with Henrietta).
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWERThe concept that letters and letter combinations
represent individual phonemes in written words.
Blending - ANSWERThe task of combining sounds rapidly, to accurately represent the
word.
Chunking - ANSWERA decoding strategy for breaking words into manageable parts
(e.g, yes ter day). Chunking also refers to the process of dividing a sentence into
smaller phrases where pauses might occur naturally (e.g., When the sun appeared
after the storm, / the newly fallen snow /shimmered like diamonds).
Consonant Blend - ANSWERTwo or more consecutive consonants which retain their
individual sounds (e.g., bl in block; str in string).
Consonant Digraph - ANSWERTwo consecutive consonants that represent one
phoneme, or sound (e.g., ch, sh).
Continuous Sounds - ANSWERA sound that can be held for several seconds without
distortion (e.g., /m/, /s/).
Digraphs - ANSWERA group of two consecutive letters whose phonetic value is a
single sound (e.g., ea in bread; ch in chat; ng in sing).
Diphthong - ANSWERA vowel produced by the tongue shifting position during
articulation; a vowel that feels as if it has two parts, especially the vowels spelled ou
and oi.
Elkonin Boxes - ANSWERA framework used during phonemic awareness instruction.
Elkonin Boxes are sometimes referred to as Sound Boxes. When working with words,
the teacher can draw one box per sound for a target word. Students push a penny or
a marker into one box as they segment each sound in the word.
Emergent Literacy - ANSWERThe skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are
developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing.
Graphophonemic Knowledge - ANSWERKnowledge of the relationships between
letters and phonemes.
Onset and Rime - ANSWEROnsets and rimes are parts of spoken language that are
smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. An onset is the initial consonant(s)
, sound of a syllable (the onset of bag is b-; of swim, sw-). A rime is the part of a
syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (the rime of bag is -ag; of swim,
-im).
Phoneme - ANSWERA phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a
difference in the meaning of words. English has about 41 phonemes. A few words,
such as a or oh, have only one phoneme. Most words, however, have more than one
phoneme: The word if has two phonemes (/i/ /f/); check has three phonemes
(/ch/ /e/ /k/), and stop has four phonemes (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/). Sometimes one
phoneme is represented by more than one letter.
Phoneme Isolation - ANSWERRecognizing individual sounds in a word (e.g., /p/ is the
first sound in pan).
Phoneme Manipulation - ANSWERAdding, deleting, and substituting sounds in words
(e.g., add /b/ to oat to make boat; delete /p/ in pat to make at; substitute /o/ for /a/
in pat to make pot).
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWERPhonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify,
and manipulate the individual sounds--phonemes--in spoken words; the highest level
of phonological awareness.
Phonological Awareness - ANSWERPhonological awareness is a broad term that
includes phonemic awareness. In addition to phonemes, phonological awareness
activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes.
Segmenting - ANSWERSeparating the individual phonemes, or sounds, of a word into
discrete units.
Syllable - ANSWERA syllable is a word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken
language, a vowel sound (e-vent; news-pa-per; ver-y).
Vowel Digraph or Vowel Pair - ANSWERTwo vowels together that represent one
phoneme, or sound (e.g., ea, ai, oa).
Alphabetic - ANSWERA writing system containing characters or symbols representing
sounds.
Alphabetic
Knowledge - ANSWERKnowing letters of the alphabetic and knowing that letters are
used for writing.
Alphabetic Layer of Instruction - ANSWERThe first layer of word study instruction
focusing on letters and letter-sound correspondence.
