PARAMEDIC JB LEARNING 2023/2024 TEST BANK|
GRADED A+
SA Node Rate - ANSWER60-100 BPM
AV Node Rate - ANSWER40-60 BPM
Bundle of His/Perkinjie Rate - ANSWER>40 BPM
Flow of blood through the heart - ANSWERfrom the body
superior and inferior vena cavas
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
semilunar valve
aorta
to the body
Inotropic - ANSWERBeats Harder
Chronotropic - ANSWERBeats Faster
Dromotropic - ANSWERImproved contractility
"P" Wave - ANSWERthe P wave represents the electrical activity associated with the
contraction of the atria, or atrial depolarization
"P-R" Interval - ANSWERTime required for conduction from the SA node to AV node.
The time between atrial and ventricular depolarization. This is normally 0.12 to 0.2
seconds.
"Q" Wave - ANSWERThe first portion of the QRS complex that is seen with a
downward deflection and is usually not obvious on the EKG of the normal heart.
Often the first portion of the deflection is positive, signifying no Q wave. This is the
beginning of ventricular depolarization.
"QRS" Complex - ANSWERRepresents ventricle depolarization. The QRS Interval is
measured from the start of the Q wave or from the beginning of the R wave if no Q
, wave is present. If no Q wave is present, a normal QRS interval should be less than
0.12 seconds in all leads.
"ST" Segment - ANSWERIndicates that ventricle depolarization is complete and that
repolarization is about to begin. Also called early ventricle repolarization. The ST
Segment is measured from the end of the QRS to the beginning of the T wave, and
represents a portion of ventricular repolarization. The normal segment is usually flat,
or isoelectric. The absolute measurement of this segment is not as clinically
important as is the configuration, whether depressed or elevated.
"T" Wave - ANSWERthe T wave represents the electrical recovery of the ventricles,
or ventricle repolarization. the muscle cells are recovering in preparation for another
impulse
"R-R" Interval - ANSWERduration of ventricular cardiac cycle (an indicator of
ventricular rate)
Cardiac Output - ANSWERheart rate x stroke volume, Total blood volume pumped
from the left ventricle per minute. Can be increased by increasing heart rate or
stroke volume. SV X HR= CO
Stroke Volume - ANSWERthe volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each
heartbeat
Pre-load - ANSWERVolume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole,
immediately before ventricular contraction.
After-load - ANSWERthe pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood
from the ventricles can occur
Diastole - ANSWERrelaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the widening of the
chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
Systole - ANSWERthe contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the
ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Beta 1 - ANSWERlocated in the heart + ionotrphic and chronotrophic, also in kidneys
renin release in blood helping regulation of bp causing vasoconstriction
Beta 2 - ANSWERbronchodilation, uterine relaxation, glycogenolysis, vasodialation,
skeletal muscle contraction
Alpha 1 - ANSWERvasoconstriction, mydriasis, contraction of bladder neck and
prostate capsule
Alpha 2 - ANSWERDecrease Sympathetic outflow thus Vasodilation and decreased
BP.
GRADED A+
SA Node Rate - ANSWER60-100 BPM
AV Node Rate - ANSWER40-60 BPM
Bundle of His/Perkinjie Rate - ANSWER>40 BPM
Flow of blood through the heart - ANSWERfrom the body
superior and inferior vena cavas
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
semilunar valve
aorta
to the body
Inotropic - ANSWERBeats Harder
Chronotropic - ANSWERBeats Faster
Dromotropic - ANSWERImproved contractility
"P" Wave - ANSWERthe P wave represents the electrical activity associated with the
contraction of the atria, or atrial depolarization
"P-R" Interval - ANSWERTime required for conduction from the SA node to AV node.
The time between atrial and ventricular depolarization. This is normally 0.12 to 0.2
seconds.
"Q" Wave - ANSWERThe first portion of the QRS complex that is seen with a
downward deflection and is usually not obvious on the EKG of the normal heart.
Often the first portion of the deflection is positive, signifying no Q wave. This is the
beginning of ventricular depolarization.
"QRS" Complex - ANSWERRepresents ventricle depolarization. The QRS Interval is
measured from the start of the Q wave or from the beginning of the R wave if no Q
, wave is present. If no Q wave is present, a normal QRS interval should be less than
0.12 seconds in all leads.
"ST" Segment - ANSWERIndicates that ventricle depolarization is complete and that
repolarization is about to begin. Also called early ventricle repolarization. The ST
Segment is measured from the end of the QRS to the beginning of the T wave, and
represents a portion of ventricular repolarization. The normal segment is usually flat,
or isoelectric. The absolute measurement of this segment is not as clinically
important as is the configuration, whether depressed or elevated.
"T" Wave - ANSWERthe T wave represents the electrical recovery of the ventricles,
or ventricle repolarization. the muscle cells are recovering in preparation for another
impulse
"R-R" Interval - ANSWERduration of ventricular cardiac cycle (an indicator of
ventricular rate)
Cardiac Output - ANSWERheart rate x stroke volume, Total blood volume pumped
from the left ventricle per minute. Can be increased by increasing heart rate or
stroke volume. SV X HR= CO
Stroke Volume - ANSWERthe volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each
heartbeat
Pre-load - ANSWERVolume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole,
immediately before ventricular contraction.
After-load - ANSWERthe pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood
from the ventricles can occur
Diastole - ANSWERrelaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the widening of the
chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
Systole - ANSWERthe contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the
ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Beta 1 - ANSWERlocated in the heart + ionotrphic and chronotrophic, also in kidneys
renin release in blood helping regulation of bp causing vasoconstriction
Beta 2 - ANSWERbronchodilation, uterine relaxation, glycogenolysis, vasodialation,
skeletal muscle contraction
Alpha 1 - ANSWERvasoconstriction, mydriasis, contraction of bladder neck and
prostate capsule
Alpha 2 - ANSWERDecrease Sympathetic outflow thus Vasodilation and decreased
BP.
