ENA Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies Questions
Answered 100% Correct
Acute Renal Failure (ARE) - ANSWERA sudden decrease in filtration through the
glomeruli
Adenal Glands - ANSWERTriangular paired structures located on top of the kidneys
that produce essentials hormones to help regulate body processes.
Afferent arteriole - ANSWERThe structure in the kidney that supplies blood to the
glomerulus.
air embolism - ANSWERThe presence of air in the venous circulation, which forms a
gas bubble that can block the outflow of blood from the right ventricle to the lung;
can lead to cardiac arrest, shock, of other life-threatening complications.
Aldosterone - ANSWEROne of the two main hormones responsible for adjustments
to the final composition of urine, aldosterone increases the rate of active
reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions into the blood and decreases reabsorption
of potassium.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - ANSWEROne of the two main hormones responsible
for adjustments to the final composition of urine, ADH causes ducts in the kidney to
become more permeable to water.
Anuria - ANSWERA complete cessation of urine production
azotemia - ANSWERincreased nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) - ANSWERAge-related nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate gland.
Calyces - ANSWERLarge urinary tubes that branch off the renal pelvis and connect
with the renal pyramids to collect the urine draining from the collecting tubules
Chronic Rena Failure (CRF) - ANSWERProgressive and irreversible inadequate kidney
function caused by the permanent loss of nephrons
cortex - ANSWERPart of the internal anatomy of the kidney; the lighter-colored outer
region closest to the capsule.
countercurrent multiplier - ANSWERTh process by which the body produces either
concentrated or diluted urine, depending on the body's needs.
disequilibration syndrome - ANSWERA condition characterized by nausea, vomiting,
headache, and confusion, which results when, as a consequence of dialysis, water
, initially shifts from the bloodstream into the cerebrospinal fluid, mildly increasing
intracranial pressure.
distal convuluted tubule (DCT) - ANSWERConnects with the kidney's collecting
tubules.
diuretics - ANSWERChemicals that increase urinary output.
efferent arteriole - ANSWERThe structure in the kidney where blood drains from the
glomerulus.
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - ANSWERA condition in which the kidney's have lost
all ability to function, and toxic waste materials build up in the patient's blood;
occurs after acute or chronic renal failure.
epididymitis - ANSWERAn infection that causes inflammation of the epididymis along
the posterior border of the testes; A possible complication of male urinary tract
infection.
Fournier gangrene - ANSWERA condition that results from bacteria entering a
laceration to the scrotum or perineum, causing infection and subsequent necrosis of
the subcutaneal tissue and muscle in the scrotum.
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule - ANSWERA double-layered cup with the inner layer
infiltrating and surrounding the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Glomerular filtration rate (GER) - ANSWERThe rate at which blood is filtered through
the glomeruli.
glomerulus - ANSWERA tuft of capillaries located in the kidney that serves as the
main filter of the blood in the kidney.
hematuria - ANSWERThe presence of blood in the urine.
hilus - ANSWERA cleft where the ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
nerves enter and leave the kidney.
internal shunt - ANSWERAlso called an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, this device is an
artificial connection between a vein and an artery, usually in the forearm or upper
arm.
interstitial nephritis - ANSWERA chronic inflammation of the interstitial cell
surrounding the nephrons.
intrarenal acute renal failure (IARF) - ANSWERA type of acute renal failure
characterized by damage in the kidney itself, often caused by immune-mediated
Answered 100% Correct
Acute Renal Failure (ARE) - ANSWERA sudden decrease in filtration through the
glomeruli
Adenal Glands - ANSWERTriangular paired structures located on top of the kidneys
that produce essentials hormones to help regulate body processes.
Afferent arteriole - ANSWERThe structure in the kidney that supplies blood to the
glomerulus.
air embolism - ANSWERThe presence of air in the venous circulation, which forms a
gas bubble that can block the outflow of blood from the right ventricle to the lung;
can lead to cardiac arrest, shock, of other life-threatening complications.
Aldosterone - ANSWEROne of the two main hormones responsible for adjustments
to the final composition of urine, aldosterone increases the rate of active
reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions into the blood and decreases reabsorption
of potassium.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - ANSWEROne of the two main hormones responsible
for adjustments to the final composition of urine, ADH causes ducts in the kidney to
become more permeable to water.
Anuria - ANSWERA complete cessation of urine production
azotemia - ANSWERincreased nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) - ANSWERAge-related nonmalignant
enlargement of the prostate gland.
Calyces - ANSWERLarge urinary tubes that branch off the renal pelvis and connect
with the renal pyramids to collect the urine draining from the collecting tubules
Chronic Rena Failure (CRF) - ANSWERProgressive and irreversible inadequate kidney
function caused by the permanent loss of nephrons
cortex - ANSWERPart of the internal anatomy of the kidney; the lighter-colored outer
region closest to the capsule.
countercurrent multiplier - ANSWERTh process by which the body produces either
concentrated or diluted urine, depending on the body's needs.
disequilibration syndrome - ANSWERA condition characterized by nausea, vomiting,
headache, and confusion, which results when, as a consequence of dialysis, water
, initially shifts from the bloodstream into the cerebrospinal fluid, mildly increasing
intracranial pressure.
distal convuluted tubule (DCT) - ANSWERConnects with the kidney's collecting
tubules.
diuretics - ANSWERChemicals that increase urinary output.
efferent arteriole - ANSWERThe structure in the kidney where blood drains from the
glomerulus.
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - ANSWERA condition in which the kidney's have lost
all ability to function, and toxic waste materials build up in the patient's blood;
occurs after acute or chronic renal failure.
epididymitis - ANSWERAn infection that causes inflammation of the epididymis along
the posterior border of the testes; A possible complication of male urinary tract
infection.
Fournier gangrene - ANSWERA condition that results from bacteria entering a
laceration to the scrotum or perineum, causing infection and subsequent necrosis of
the subcutaneal tissue and muscle in the scrotum.
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule - ANSWERA double-layered cup with the inner layer
infiltrating and surrounding the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Glomerular filtration rate (GER) - ANSWERThe rate at which blood is filtered through
the glomeruli.
glomerulus - ANSWERA tuft of capillaries located in the kidney that serves as the
main filter of the blood in the kidney.
hematuria - ANSWERThe presence of blood in the urine.
hilus - ANSWERA cleft where the ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
nerves enter and leave the kidney.
internal shunt - ANSWERAlso called an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, this device is an
artificial connection between a vein and an artery, usually in the forearm or upper
arm.
interstitial nephritis - ANSWERA chronic inflammation of the interstitial cell
surrounding the nephrons.
intrarenal acute renal failure (IARF) - ANSWERA type of acute renal failure
characterized by damage in the kidney itself, often caused by immune-mediated
