ATI 2.0 Musculoskeletal and Neurological Questions
Solved 100% Correct
A sprinter has been trained to run a short 50-meter dash. Which of the following
muscle types is he most activating during his explosive performance?
a. fast glycolytic
b. fast-oxidative glycolytic
c. slow oxidative
d. slow glycolytic - ANSWERa. fast glycolytic
Which of the following parts of the muscle cell is responsible for propagating the
action potential?
a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. sarcoplasm
c. sarcomere
d. sarcolemma - ANSWERd. sarcolemma
Which statement describes a neuregulin?
a. Chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spina
cord to the axon of the motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers.
b. Neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension,
velocity, and tone in muscle.
c. Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases acetylcholine receptors.
d. Mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle
stretching - ANSWERc. Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases
acetylcholine receptors.
Which of the following receptors mediate the release of calcium ions from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle
contraction?
a. nicotinic
b. beta adrenergic
c. muscarinic
d. ryanodine - ANSWERd. ryanodine
Which of the following is a decoy receptor produced by osteoblasts and stromal cells
that binds to and sequesters RANKL (osteoclast inhibition)?
a. interleukin 1 (L-1)
b. RANKL
c. osteoprotegerin (OPG)
d. prostaglandin E2 - ANSWERc. osteoprotegerin (OPG)
, Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
and synthesize osteoid?
a. osteoclasts
b. fibrocytes
c. osteoblasts
d. reticulocytes - ANSWERc. osteoblasts
What is the result of the RANKL ligand being secreted from osteoblasts and binding
to the RANK receptor on mature osteoclast cells ?
a. increased production of osteoprotegrin (OPG)
b. stimulation of bone resorption
c. stimulation of bone formation
d. osteoclast inhibition - ANSWERb. stimulation of bone resorption
Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?
a. magnesium
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. sodium - ANSWERb. calcium
A patient presents with an impaired ability to produce ATP. How would this impact
the cross-bridge cycle?
a. Lack of ATP would result in premature release of a phosphate group from myosin
head initiation power stroke
b. Lack of ATP would not allow myosin to unbind from active resulting in a sustained
shorted H-zone
c. Lack of ATP would allow the myosin head to bind to actin and stimulate the power
Stroke
d. ATP would not be able to hydrolyze - ANSWERb. Lack of ATP would not allow
myosin to unbind from active resulting in a sustained shorted H-zone
Once calcium binds to _______, ________ twists exposing actin-myosin binding sites
on ________, ________ is hydrolyzed, ____________ binds to actin, a phosphate
group is released and shortly after ADP is released from myosin stimulating the
______, resulting in the _____ becoming shortened, myosin unbinds from actin
when _____ is present.
a. Troponin, tropomyosin, thin filament, ATP, myosin head, power stroke, H-zone,
ATP
b. Tropomyosin, troponin, thin filament, ATP myosin head, thick sliding of thin
filament, M-line, ATP
c. Troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, ATP, myosin head, power stroke, H-zone, ADP
Solved 100% Correct
A sprinter has been trained to run a short 50-meter dash. Which of the following
muscle types is he most activating during his explosive performance?
a. fast glycolytic
b. fast-oxidative glycolytic
c. slow oxidative
d. slow glycolytic - ANSWERa. fast glycolytic
Which of the following parts of the muscle cell is responsible for propagating the
action potential?
a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. sarcoplasm
c. sarcomere
d. sarcolemma - ANSWERd. sarcolemma
Which statement describes a neuregulin?
a. Chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spina
cord to the axon of the motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers.
b. Neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension,
velocity, and tone in muscle.
c. Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases acetylcholine receptors.
d. Mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle
stretching - ANSWERc. Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases
acetylcholine receptors.
Which of the following receptors mediate the release of calcium ions from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle
contraction?
a. nicotinic
b. beta adrenergic
c. muscarinic
d. ryanodine - ANSWERd. ryanodine
Which of the following is a decoy receptor produced by osteoblasts and stromal cells
that binds to and sequesters RANKL (osteoclast inhibition)?
a. interleukin 1 (L-1)
b. RANKL
c. osteoprotegerin (OPG)
d. prostaglandin E2 - ANSWERc. osteoprotegerin (OPG)
, Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
and synthesize osteoid?
a. osteoclasts
b. fibrocytes
c. osteoblasts
d. reticulocytes - ANSWERc. osteoblasts
What is the result of the RANKL ligand being secreted from osteoblasts and binding
to the RANK receptor on mature osteoclast cells ?
a. increased production of osteoprotegrin (OPG)
b. stimulation of bone resorption
c. stimulation of bone formation
d. osteoclast inhibition - ANSWERb. stimulation of bone resorption
Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?
a. magnesium
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. sodium - ANSWERb. calcium
A patient presents with an impaired ability to produce ATP. How would this impact
the cross-bridge cycle?
a. Lack of ATP would result in premature release of a phosphate group from myosin
head initiation power stroke
b. Lack of ATP would not allow myosin to unbind from active resulting in a sustained
shorted H-zone
c. Lack of ATP would allow the myosin head to bind to actin and stimulate the power
Stroke
d. ATP would not be able to hydrolyze - ANSWERb. Lack of ATP would not allow
myosin to unbind from active resulting in a sustained shorted H-zone
Once calcium binds to _______, ________ twists exposing actin-myosin binding sites
on ________, ________ is hydrolyzed, ____________ binds to actin, a phosphate
group is released and shortly after ADP is released from myosin stimulating the
______, resulting in the _____ becoming shortened, myosin unbinds from actin
when _____ is present.
a. Troponin, tropomyosin, thin filament, ATP, myosin head, power stroke, H-zone,
ATP
b. Tropomyosin, troponin, thin filament, ATP myosin head, thick sliding of thin
filament, M-line, ATP
c. Troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, ATP, myosin head, power stroke, H-zone, ADP
