MLT 126 - immunology & serology -Final Exam Review
Guide (Latest 2024/2025) (500 Q&A)
individual produces Ab - ANSWERActive Immunity
Ab production follows immunization or infection - ANSWERActive Immunity
Ab production has memory and is long term - ANSWERActive Immunity
Ab is transferred to individual - ANSWERPassive Immunity
Example of this type of immunity:
gamma globulin injections OR
placental transfer - ANSWERPassive Immunity
no memory; temporary - ANSWERPassive Immunity
what type of immunity is associated with rubella immunization? - ANSWERactive
immunity
what type of immunity is associated with neonatal syphillitic IgG Ab titers? -
ANSWERPassive immunity
what age is still considered a neonate? - ANSWER<4 months
non-specific type of immunity - ANSWERnatural (innate)
no memory immunity - ANSWERnatural (innate)
examples of what immunity?:
exogenous (skin), endogenous (stomach acid), phagocytosis (PMNs), Natural Killer
Cells - ANSWERnatural (innate)
specific type of immunity - ANSWERAdaptive (acquired)
immunity with memory - ANSWERAdaptive (acquired)
examples of this immunity:
T cells (cytokines) and B cells (Abs) - ANSWERAdaptive (acquired)
immunity that is primary defense against viral/ fungal infections - ANSWERCellular of
Adaptive
immunity that covers hypersensitivity Type IV (delayed) - ANSWERCellular of
Adaptive
,immunity that defends against bacterial infections - phagocytosis of extracellular
organisms - ANSWERHumoral of Adaptive
immunity that covers hypersensitivity Type I (with IgE), II (with ADCC), and III (with
immune complex) - ANSWERHumoral of Adaptive
how is hypersensitivity Type I dealt with? - ANSWERIgE
how is hypersensitivity Type II dealt with? - ANSWERADCC (Ab Dependent Cellular
Cytotoxicity)
How is hypersensitivity Type III dealt with? - ANSWERImmune Complexes
Name the 4 characteristics of antigens/immunogens that affect immunogenicity. -
ANSWERMolecule size, complexity, composition, foreigness
state the characteristic of molecule size that improves immunogenicity. -
ANSWERLarger molecule size of at least 10 KDa
state the characteristic of molecule complexity that improves immunogenicity. -
ANSWERHigh complexity - simple repeating units do not make good immunogenicity
State the characteristic of molecule chemical composition that improves
immunogenicity - ANSWERProteins and polysaccharides are better than carbs, lipids,
and nucleic acids
state the characteristic of foreigners the improves immunogenicity. - ANSWERthe
more different from the host, the more immunogenic
Ab with greatest concentration in serum. - ANSWERIgG
State the percent of IgG in serum - ANSWER75% of total Ab concentration
How many subclasses of IgG; what are they? - ANSWER4; IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4
Does IgG activate complement? - ANSWERYes
Which IgG subclasses activate complement? - ANSWERIgG1, IgG2, IgG3
Which IgG subclass is most efficient for activating complement? - ANSWERIgG3
Which subclasses of IgG crosses the placenta? - ANSWERIgG1, IgG3, IgG4
How are IgG distributed in the different vascular spaces? - ANSWEREqually
distributed in intravascular and extravascular spaces
One of IgGs major roles? - ANSWERneutralizing toxins
, Largest Ab? - ANSWERIgM
What is IgM? - size wise - ANSWERpentamer (5 monomers)
What is IgM held together by? - ANSWERJ-chain
Does IgM fix complement? - ANSWERYes
Which Ab is the best at fixing complement? - ANSWERIgM because it has 10
functional binding sites
Prominent in early immune response and indicates acute infection - ANSWERIgM
What percentage of total Ab concentration is IgM? - ANSWER5-10%
Which Ab is the first to appear in a fetus and neonate? - ANSWERIgM
Which Ab is predominant in body secretions? - ANSWERIgA
What body fluids is IgA found in? - ANSWERTears, Saliva, and nasal mucosa
What is IgA in serum? and in secretions? - size wise - ANSWERin serum IgA is a
monomer; in secretions IgA is a dimer
What is different about secretory IgA? - ANSWERIt is a dimer and is held together by
a J-chain
IgA is the primary defense against...? - ANSWERlocal infections at mucosal surface
How many subclasses of IgA? What are the subclasses? - ANSWER2; IgA1, IgA2
Ab present on mature B cell surface? - ANSWERIgD
Ab that participates in B cell activation? - ANSWERIgD
Ab that responds to Type I hypersensitivity? - ANSWERIgE
IgE is involved in...? - ANSWERRelease of histamines from mast cells leading to
allergic reaction
Antibody Function pneumonics. - ANSWERIgG = Greatest plasma concentration;
Goes across placenta
IgM = Mega; activates coMplement easily
IgA = sAliva, teArs
IgD = Don't know function
IgE = allergEE
Guide (Latest 2024/2025) (500 Q&A)
individual produces Ab - ANSWERActive Immunity
Ab production follows immunization or infection - ANSWERActive Immunity
Ab production has memory and is long term - ANSWERActive Immunity
Ab is transferred to individual - ANSWERPassive Immunity
Example of this type of immunity:
gamma globulin injections OR
placental transfer - ANSWERPassive Immunity
no memory; temporary - ANSWERPassive Immunity
what type of immunity is associated with rubella immunization? - ANSWERactive
immunity
what type of immunity is associated with neonatal syphillitic IgG Ab titers? -
ANSWERPassive immunity
what age is still considered a neonate? - ANSWER<4 months
non-specific type of immunity - ANSWERnatural (innate)
no memory immunity - ANSWERnatural (innate)
examples of what immunity?:
exogenous (skin), endogenous (stomach acid), phagocytosis (PMNs), Natural Killer
Cells - ANSWERnatural (innate)
specific type of immunity - ANSWERAdaptive (acquired)
immunity with memory - ANSWERAdaptive (acquired)
examples of this immunity:
T cells (cytokines) and B cells (Abs) - ANSWERAdaptive (acquired)
immunity that is primary defense against viral/ fungal infections - ANSWERCellular of
Adaptive
immunity that covers hypersensitivity Type IV (delayed) - ANSWERCellular of
Adaptive
,immunity that defends against bacterial infections - phagocytosis of extracellular
organisms - ANSWERHumoral of Adaptive
immunity that covers hypersensitivity Type I (with IgE), II (with ADCC), and III (with
immune complex) - ANSWERHumoral of Adaptive
how is hypersensitivity Type I dealt with? - ANSWERIgE
how is hypersensitivity Type II dealt with? - ANSWERADCC (Ab Dependent Cellular
Cytotoxicity)
How is hypersensitivity Type III dealt with? - ANSWERImmune Complexes
Name the 4 characteristics of antigens/immunogens that affect immunogenicity. -
ANSWERMolecule size, complexity, composition, foreigness
state the characteristic of molecule size that improves immunogenicity. -
ANSWERLarger molecule size of at least 10 KDa
state the characteristic of molecule complexity that improves immunogenicity. -
ANSWERHigh complexity - simple repeating units do not make good immunogenicity
State the characteristic of molecule chemical composition that improves
immunogenicity - ANSWERProteins and polysaccharides are better than carbs, lipids,
and nucleic acids
state the characteristic of foreigners the improves immunogenicity. - ANSWERthe
more different from the host, the more immunogenic
Ab with greatest concentration in serum. - ANSWERIgG
State the percent of IgG in serum - ANSWER75% of total Ab concentration
How many subclasses of IgG; what are they? - ANSWER4; IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4
Does IgG activate complement? - ANSWERYes
Which IgG subclasses activate complement? - ANSWERIgG1, IgG2, IgG3
Which IgG subclass is most efficient for activating complement? - ANSWERIgG3
Which subclasses of IgG crosses the placenta? - ANSWERIgG1, IgG3, IgG4
How are IgG distributed in the different vascular spaces? - ANSWEREqually
distributed in intravascular and extravascular spaces
One of IgGs major roles? - ANSWERneutralizing toxins
, Largest Ab? - ANSWERIgM
What is IgM? - size wise - ANSWERpentamer (5 monomers)
What is IgM held together by? - ANSWERJ-chain
Does IgM fix complement? - ANSWERYes
Which Ab is the best at fixing complement? - ANSWERIgM because it has 10
functional binding sites
Prominent in early immune response and indicates acute infection - ANSWERIgM
What percentage of total Ab concentration is IgM? - ANSWER5-10%
Which Ab is the first to appear in a fetus and neonate? - ANSWERIgM
Which Ab is predominant in body secretions? - ANSWERIgA
What body fluids is IgA found in? - ANSWERTears, Saliva, and nasal mucosa
What is IgA in serum? and in secretions? - size wise - ANSWERin serum IgA is a
monomer; in secretions IgA is a dimer
What is different about secretory IgA? - ANSWERIt is a dimer and is held together by
a J-chain
IgA is the primary defense against...? - ANSWERlocal infections at mucosal surface
How many subclasses of IgA? What are the subclasses? - ANSWER2; IgA1, IgA2
Ab present on mature B cell surface? - ANSWERIgD
Ab that participates in B cell activation? - ANSWERIgD
Ab that responds to Type I hypersensitivity? - ANSWERIgE
IgE is involved in...? - ANSWERRelease of histamines from mast cells leading to
allergic reaction
Antibody Function pneumonics. - ANSWERIgG = Greatest plasma concentration;
Goes across placenta
IgM = Mega; activates coMplement easily
IgA = sAliva, teArs
IgD = Don't know function
IgE = allergEE
