Fortis Med Surg 2 HESI| Medical Surgical Practice Exam
(Latest 2024/2025) Questions Answered With Detailed
Verified Answers
urinary frequency - ANSWERIncreased incidence of urination.
Causes: Inflamed bladder, retention w/ overflow, excess fluid intake, intake of
bladder irritants, cancer or urethral calculus.
Nocturia - ANSWERexcessive urination at night
Urinary retention - ANSWERabnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because
of an inability to urinate
urinary retention causes -
ANSWER-Infection/tumor/DM/prostate/trauma/pregnancy/neuro
disorders/medications
-
urinary retention treatment - ANSWERanalgesics, catheter, surgery, antispasmodics,
check residual urine
stress incontinence - ANSWERthe inability to control the voiding of urine under
physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
Stress incontinence treatment - ANSWERExercises to strengthen pelvic floor muscles
(Kegel exercises)
Estrogen replacement (estrogen cream)
Drug therapy
Surgical repair
Collagen injections
stress incontinence causes - ANSWER- Damage to bladder sphincter associated with
after-effects of bearing children
- morbid obesity
- weakening of accessory musculature: normal aging
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWERblood test that measures the amount of urea in
the blood
Normal Levels 10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine & Serum creatinine level: - ANSWERMale 0.6-1.2
Female 0.5-1.1 More reliable than BUN as a determinant for renal function. Creatine
is a product of muscle protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate.
Hyperphosphatemia: - ANSWERexcessive phosphate in the blood
, Hyperphosphatemia causes - ANSWERrenal failure, excess phosphorus, excess
vitamin D, acidosis, hypoparathyroidism, chemotherapy
hyperphosphatemia Interventions - ANSWERBecause calcium and phosphorus ions
exist in the blood in a balanced reciprocal relationship, management of
hyperphosphatemia entails the management of hypocalcemia.
hypokalemia serum potassium level - ANSWERRenal losses occurred when a patient
is diuresing or has a low mag level
Hyponatremia & Serum Sodium levels - ANSWERResult in sodium loss and water
excess
Hypocalcemia - ANSWERCATS Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
PTH deficiency
Hypomagnesemia - ANSWERinsufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular
fluid
Limited mag intake and starvation can cause this
menopause - ANSWERthe time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to
the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Complete after 1 year of amenorrhea.
Average age is 52 but varies from 40-52
Menopause transition (perimenopause) - ANSWERMenopause to post menopause.
normal life transition 1 st signs change in menstrual cycle and ends
after cessation of menses shorter or longer cycle, less frequent cycle, lighter cycle, or
heavier cycle.
menarche - ANSWERthe first occurrence of menstruation
Fertility Analysis - ANSWERA psychological and physical study of a couple to find
reasons why they have had difficulty conceiving
Semen Analysis - ANSWERmeasurement of the number, shape, and motility of sperm
cells
Gonorrhea - ANSWERA sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a
gonococcus bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane,
burning pain when urinating, and a discharge
Gonorrhea symptoms - ANSWERwomen-greenish-yellow discharge from the cervix of
the uterus or discomfort wile urinating, fever, lower abdominal cramping, pain,
vaginal bleeding
(Latest 2024/2025) Questions Answered With Detailed
Verified Answers
urinary frequency - ANSWERIncreased incidence of urination.
Causes: Inflamed bladder, retention w/ overflow, excess fluid intake, intake of
bladder irritants, cancer or urethral calculus.
Nocturia - ANSWERexcessive urination at night
Urinary retention - ANSWERabnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because
of an inability to urinate
urinary retention causes -
ANSWER-Infection/tumor/DM/prostate/trauma/pregnancy/neuro
disorders/medications
-
urinary retention treatment - ANSWERanalgesics, catheter, surgery, antispasmodics,
check residual urine
stress incontinence - ANSWERthe inability to control the voiding of urine under
physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
Stress incontinence treatment - ANSWERExercises to strengthen pelvic floor muscles
(Kegel exercises)
Estrogen replacement (estrogen cream)
Drug therapy
Surgical repair
Collagen injections
stress incontinence causes - ANSWER- Damage to bladder sphincter associated with
after-effects of bearing children
- morbid obesity
- weakening of accessory musculature: normal aging
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWERblood test that measures the amount of urea in
the blood
Normal Levels 10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine & Serum creatinine level: - ANSWERMale 0.6-1.2
Female 0.5-1.1 More reliable than BUN as a determinant for renal function. Creatine
is a product of muscle protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate.
Hyperphosphatemia: - ANSWERexcessive phosphate in the blood
, Hyperphosphatemia causes - ANSWERrenal failure, excess phosphorus, excess
vitamin D, acidosis, hypoparathyroidism, chemotherapy
hyperphosphatemia Interventions - ANSWERBecause calcium and phosphorus ions
exist in the blood in a balanced reciprocal relationship, management of
hyperphosphatemia entails the management of hypocalcemia.
hypokalemia serum potassium level - ANSWERRenal losses occurred when a patient
is diuresing or has a low mag level
Hyponatremia & Serum Sodium levels - ANSWERResult in sodium loss and water
excess
Hypocalcemia - ANSWERCATS Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
PTH deficiency
Hypomagnesemia - ANSWERinsufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular
fluid
Limited mag intake and starvation can cause this
menopause - ANSWERthe time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to
the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Complete after 1 year of amenorrhea.
Average age is 52 but varies from 40-52
Menopause transition (perimenopause) - ANSWERMenopause to post menopause.
normal life transition 1 st signs change in menstrual cycle and ends
after cessation of menses shorter or longer cycle, less frequent cycle, lighter cycle, or
heavier cycle.
menarche - ANSWERthe first occurrence of menstruation
Fertility Analysis - ANSWERA psychological and physical study of a couple to find
reasons why they have had difficulty conceiving
Semen Analysis - ANSWERmeasurement of the number, shape, and motility of sperm
cells
Gonorrhea - ANSWERA sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a
gonococcus bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane,
burning pain when urinating, and a discharge
Gonorrhea symptoms - ANSWERwomen-greenish-yellow discharge from the cervix of
the uterus or discomfort wile urinating, fever, lower abdominal cramping, pain,
vaginal bleeding
