Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331
Module 10 Exam All Versions Latest Update/ Verified
Definition of Pathophysiology - ANSWERthe study of how structural/functional
changes that occur in cells, tissues, and organs due to disease effect total body
function
What are the 5 etiologic factors (w/ examples) - ANSWER1. Physical (trauma, burns,
radiation)
2. Chemical (poisons, alcohol)
3. Biological (bacteria, viruses)
4. Genetic disposition
5. Nutritional imbalances (deficiencies, excesses)
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What are the 2 types of risk factors? - ANSWER1. congenital conditions (present at
birth)
2. acquired defects (occurring after birth)
What is the difference between MORPHOLOGY and HISTOLOGY? -
ANSWERMorphology is the structure of a cell or tissue.
Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular matrix at the tissue level
Signs vs. Symptoms (example of each) - ANSWERSigns - objective manifestations
(dilated pupils, elevated heart rate)
Symptoms - subjective complaints (stomach pain, trouble breathing)
What are 3 processes needed when coming to a diagnosis? - ANSWER1. patient
history
2. physical exam
3. diagnostic tests
PPD
Validity - ANSWERhow a tool measures what it is supposed to measure
Reliability - ANSWERthe likelihood of the same result occurring if the test is repeated
Sensitivity - ANSWERTrue pos - proportion of people with the disease who are
positive for the disease
Specificity - ANSWERTrue neg - proportion of people without the disease who are
negative for the disease
, What is the definition of Epidemiology and what does it track? - ANSWERThe study
of how disease occurrence effects the human population. It tracks social
determinants of health (i.e. age, race, geographic location, dietary habits)
Incidence - ANSWER# of NEW cases in a population at risk at a specified time
Prevalence - ANSWER# of existing cases in a population at a given time
Mortality - ANSWERdeath rate; cause of death in a population
Morbidity - ANSWERThe effect of a disease on quality of life
Primary Prevention - ANSWEREliminating risk factors to prevent disease from
occuring (vaccinating children, diet)
Secondary Prevention - ANSWERDetect and treat disease early, usually while
treatable and asymptomatic (annual pap smears, colonoscopy screening)
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWERClinical intervention to reduce
complications/deterioration after disease is diagnosed (medications after a heart
attack, dialysis)
Why is evidence-based practice important? - ANSWERThe conscientious reliance on
current best, scientific evidence when caring for patients as to avoid/counteract "the
way things have always been done"
What are the 3 primary structures/functional components of the cell? - ANSWER1.
nucleus
2. plasma membrane
3. cytoplasm
NPC
What is the function of the nucleus? - ANSWERcontrol center of the cell and houses
DNA and RNA
Name 3 structures within the nucleus - ANSWER1. nucleolus
2. nuclear envelope
3. chromatin
Name the organelles located in the cytoplasm - ANSWER1. ER (rough and smooth)
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Mitochondria
4. Lysosomes
5. Ribosomes
What do ribosomes do? - ANSWERsite of protein synthesis
Module 10 Exam All Versions Latest Update/ Verified
Definition of Pathophysiology - ANSWERthe study of how structural/functional
changes that occur in cells, tissues, and organs due to disease effect total body
function
What are the 5 etiologic factors (w/ examples) - ANSWER1. Physical (trauma, burns,
radiation)
2. Chemical (poisons, alcohol)
3. Biological (bacteria, viruses)
4. Genetic disposition
5. Nutritional imbalances (deficiencies, excesses)
Please Call Billy Goat Now
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - ANSWER1. congenital conditions (present at
birth)
2. acquired defects (occurring after birth)
What is the difference between MORPHOLOGY and HISTOLOGY? -
ANSWERMorphology is the structure of a cell or tissue.
Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular matrix at the tissue level
Signs vs. Symptoms (example of each) - ANSWERSigns - objective manifestations
(dilated pupils, elevated heart rate)
Symptoms - subjective complaints (stomach pain, trouble breathing)
What are 3 processes needed when coming to a diagnosis? - ANSWER1. patient
history
2. physical exam
3. diagnostic tests
PPD
Validity - ANSWERhow a tool measures what it is supposed to measure
Reliability - ANSWERthe likelihood of the same result occurring if the test is repeated
Sensitivity - ANSWERTrue pos - proportion of people with the disease who are
positive for the disease
Specificity - ANSWERTrue neg - proportion of people without the disease who are
negative for the disease
, What is the definition of Epidemiology and what does it track? - ANSWERThe study
of how disease occurrence effects the human population. It tracks social
determinants of health (i.e. age, race, geographic location, dietary habits)
Incidence - ANSWER# of NEW cases in a population at risk at a specified time
Prevalence - ANSWER# of existing cases in a population at a given time
Mortality - ANSWERdeath rate; cause of death in a population
Morbidity - ANSWERThe effect of a disease on quality of life
Primary Prevention - ANSWEREliminating risk factors to prevent disease from
occuring (vaccinating children, diet)
Secondary Prevention - ANSWERDetect and treat disease early, usually while
treatable and asymptomatic (annual pap smears, colonoscopy screening)
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWERClinical intervention to reduce
complications/deterioration after disease is diagnosed (medications after a heart
attack, dialysis)
Why is evidence-based practice important? - ANSWERThe conscientious reliance on
current best, scientific evidence when caring for patients as to avoid/counteract "the
way things have always been done"
What are the 3 primary structures/functional components of the cell? - ANSWER1.
nucleus
2. plasma membrane
3. cytoplasm
NPC
What is the function of the nucleus? - ANSWERcontrol center of the cell and houses
DNA and RNA
Name 3 structures within the nucleus - ANSWER1. nucleolus
2. nuclear envelope
3. chromatin
Name the organelles located in the cytoplasm - ANSWER1. ER (rough and smooth)
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Mitochondria
4. Lysosomes
5. Ribosomes
What do ribosomes do? - ANSWERsite of protein synthesis
