Test Bank Complete_ Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th
Edition, Bruce Alberts (Author) Five Parts| All Chapters
1-24
prokaryote - ANSWERno nuclear membrane, no organelles except ribosomes,
circular DNA, usually bacteria
how quickly can prokaryotes reproduce - ANSWERevery 20 mins
eukaryote - ANSWERcell with organelles and DNA, can be unicellular or multicellular
what is the cytoskeleton composed of - ANSWERmicrotubules, actin filaments and
intermediate filaments
cell membrane of eukaryote - ANSWERdouble membrane around the nucleus,
selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic model
fluid mosaic model - ANSWERproteins and phospholipids can move laterally
describe the physiology of mitochondria - ANSWERsmooth outer membrane,
permeable to ions and small molecules, glycolipids and glycoproteins, highly folded
inner membrane (cristae) which is impermeable
define glycolipid - ANSWERlipids with a carbohydrate attatched to them - increases
cell stability
glycoproteins define - ANSWERproteins with a carbohydrate attached
mitochondrial matrix - ANSWERthe part of the mitochondria which does not contain
membranes - contains DNA
endoplasmic reticulum - physiology - ANSWERnetwork of sacs and tubules
(cisternae)
endoplasmic reticulum - function - ANSWERrough ER - ribosomes - protein synthesis
smooth ER - no ribosomes - lipid synthesis
golgi apparatus - physiology - ANSWERflattened sacs - pancake stack
golgi apparatus - function - ANSWERsynthesise and package molecules to be
secreted from the cell
what is the cell membrane permeable to - ANSWERsmall hydrophobic and small
uncharged polar molecules - eg. o2, co2, N2, benzene, h2o, glycerol, ethanol
,what is the cell membrane impermeable to - ANSWERlarge uncharged polar
molecules - eg. amino acids, glucose, nucleotides, h+, NA+, HCO3-, K+, Cl-
ribosomes function - ANSWERsite of protein synthesis
how was mitochondria formed - ANSWERendosymbiosis -An ancestral eukaryotic cell
ingested, but did not digest an aerobic bacterium, which over time evolved into a
mitochondrion.
how did chloroplasts form? - ANSWERendosymbiosis - An ancestral eukaryote
ingested, but did not digest a photosynthetic bacterium, which over time evolved
into a chloroplast
chloroplast physiology - ANSWERdouble membrane
outer membrane is permeable to ions and small molecules
inner membrane is impermeable
thylakoids
lumen
stroma
define thylakoid - ANSWERinside a chloroplast, formed by folded membranes,
they're folded into stacks called grana (grana have light harvesting pigments and
synthesise ATP)
define lumen in chloroplasts - ANSWERspace between thylakoids
Stroma - ANSWERcolourless fluid surrounding the thylakoids and grana inside the
inner membrane
golgi apparatus distinct orientation - ANSWERcis face - adjacent to ER
trans face - point towards plasma membrane
vacuoles function - ANSWERsite of degradation in plants, they also act as storage
organs, detoxification sites
define peroxisomes - ANSWERsmall microbody - site of detoxification in both
humans and plants
exocytic (exocytosis) pathway - ANSWERmovement of substances from inside the
cell to the outside
1. proteins synthesised in ER sent to golgi
2. golgi packages proteins in vesicles for transport
3.travel through golgi - continuing to glysate
4. reach the trans face of the golgi and are excreted to the cell membrane
define glycosylation - ANSWERjoining sugar molecules to proteins
, cytoskeleton define - ANSWERa network of protein filaments that extends through
the cytoplasm
three parts of the cytoskeleton - ANSWER1. actin filaments
2. intermediate filaments
3. microtubules
function of the cytoskeleton - ANSWERsupport, shape, motility, cell division
actin filaments - cytoskeleton - function - ANSWERcell shape, motility, muscle
contraction
actin filaments - structure - ANSWERsubunits - globular actin
filaments - twisted into chains
intermediate filaments - ANSWERsubunits - intermediate proteins
twisted together like rope
found in - cytoplasm of animals and nucleus
which of the three cytoskeleton components is the strongest - ANSWERintermediate
filaments
cytoskelton - microtubules - ANSWERfound in all eukaryotic cells
subunits - tubulin dimer a and b
dimers stack into filaments which forms the wall of the tubule
what is a tubulin dimer - ANSWERa microtubule sub unit
function and location of microtubules in cytoskeleton - ANSWERfunction -
intracellular organisation, mitosis
location - extend from spindles and centromeres
why do polar covalent bonds occur - ANSWERwhen you bind two electrons with a
difference in electronegativity you get a positive or negative charge depending on
how much they differ
hydrogen bonds - ANSWER1/20th of the force you get from a covalent bond
hydrogen bound to N, O or F
examples of covalent bonding - ANSWERh2o`
Edition, Bruce Alberts (Author) Five Parts| All Chapters
1-24
prokaryote - ANSWERno nuclear membrane, no organelles except ribosomes,
circular DNA, usually bacteria
how quickly can prokaryotes reproduce - ANSWERevery 20 mins
eukaryote - ANSWERcell with organelles and DNA, can be unicellular or multicellular
what is the cytoskeleton composed of - ANSWERmicrotubules, actin filaments and
intermediate filaments
cell membrane of eukaryote - ANSWERdouble membrane around the nucleus,
selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer, fluid mosaic model
fluid mosaic model - ANSWERproteins and phospholipids can move laterally
describe the physiology of mitochondria - ANSWERsmooth outer membrane,
permeable to ions and small molecules, glycolipids and glycoproteins, highly folded
inner membrane (cristae) which is impermeable
define glycolipid - ANSWERlipids with a carbohydrate attatched to them - increases
cell stability
glycoproteins define - ANSWERproteins with a carbohydrate attached
mitochondrial matrix - ANSWERthe part of the mitochondria which does not contain
membranes - contains DNA
endoplasmic reticulum - physiology - ANSWERnetwork of sacs and tubules
(cisternae)
endoplasmic reticulum - function - ANSWERrough ER - ribosomes - protein synthesis
smooth ER - no ribosomes - lipid synthesis
golgi apparatus - physiology - ANSWERflattened sacs - pancake stack
golgi apparatus - function - ANSWERsynthesise and package molecules to be
secreted from the cell
what is the cell membrane permeable to - ANSWERsmall hydrophobic and small
uncharged polar molecules - eg. o2, co2, N2, benzene, h2o, glycerol, ethanol
,what is the cell membrane impermeable to - ANSWERlarge uncharged polar
molecules - eg. amino acids, glucose, nucleotides, h+, NA+, HCO3-, K+, Cl-
ribosomes function - ANSWERsite of protein synthesis
how was mitochondria formed - ANSWERendosymbiosis -An ancestral eukaryotic cell
ingested, but did not digest an aerobic bacterium, which over time evolved into a
mitochondrion.
how did chloroplasts form? - ANSWERendosymbiosis - An ancestral eukaryote
ingested, but did not digest a photosynthetic bacterium, which over time evolved
into a chloroplast
chloroplast physiology - ANSWERdouble membrane
outer membrane is permeable to ions and small molecules
inner membrane is impermeable
thylakoids
lumen
stroma
define thylakoid - ANSWERinside a chloroplast, formed by folded membranes,
they're folded into stacks called grana (grana have light harvesting pigments and
synthesise ATP)
define lumen in chloroplasts - ANSWERspace between thylakoids
Stroma - ANSWERcolourless fluid surrounding the thylakoids and grana inside the
inner membrane
golgi apparatus distinct orientation - ANSWERcis face - adjacent to ER
trans face - point towards plasma membrane
vacuoles function - ANSWERsite of degradation in plants, they also act as storage
organs, detoxification sites
define peroxisomes - ANSWERsmall microbody - site of detoxification in both
humans and plants
exocytic (exocytosis) pathway - ANSWERmovement of substances from inside the
cell to the outside
1. proteins synthesised in ER sent to golgi
2. golgi packages proteins in vesicles for transport
3.travel through golgi - continuing to glysate
4. reach the trans face of the golgi and are excreted to the cell membrane
define glycosylation - ANSWERjoining sugar molecules to proteins
, cytoskeleton define - ANSWERa network of protein filaments that extends through
the cytoplasm
three parts of the cytoskeleton - ANSWER1. actin filaments
2. intermediate filaments
3. microtubules
function of the cytoskeleton - ANSWERsupport, shape, motility, cell division
actin filaments - cytoskeleton - function - ANSWERcell shape, motility, muscle
contraction
actin filaments - structure - ANSWERsubunits - globular actin
filaments - twisted into chains
intermediate filaments - ANSWERsubunits - intermediate proteins
twisted together like rope
found in - cytoplasm of animals and nucleus
which of the three cytoskeleton components is the strongest - ANSWERintermediate
filaments
cytoskelton - microtubules - ANSWERfound in all eukaryotic cells
subunits - tubulin dimer a and b
dimers stack into filaments which forms the wall of the tubule
what is a tubulin dimer - ANSWERa microtubule sub unit
function and location of microtubules in cytoskeleton - ANSWERfunction -
intracellular organisation, mitosis
location - extend from spindles and centromeres
why do polar covalent bonds occur - ANSWERwhen you bind two electrons with a
difference in electronegativity you get a positive or negative charge depending on
how much they differ
hydrogen bonds - ANSWER1/20th of the force you get from a covalent bond
hydrogen bound to N, O or F
examples of covalent bonding - ANSWERh2o`
