R 566 week 1:NR 566/NR 566 SH -FAM Focused Exam Long Bone Fracture:NR 566 Final Exam Study
Guide :Latest Updated: Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the Family:NR 566 Week 6 Discussion:NR
566 Final Exam Study Guide: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8- Advanced Pharmacology
What are the various fracture forces acting on a fracture? - ANSWER:Compression, shear, bending,
torsion, tension
Bone heals through formation of what? - ANSWER:Progressively stiffer tissue types
What are some things that can damage the fragile tissue crossing a fracture gap? - ANSWER:Internal
stresses and strains
What is the issue with trying to fixate a fracture that is more chronic and has already gone on to heal? -
ANSWER:Chronic fractures are less tolerant of strain and are stiffer and are therefore harder to reduce
Bone formation requires a low strain or high strain environment? - ANSWER:Low strain
What is the ideal strain that should be on a fracture site for proper bone formation? - ANSWER:<2%
Why can you not use the most rigid stabilization for all fracture configurations? - ANSWER:Because if the
fracture site is shielded from mechanical stresses with excessively rigid fixation, excessive bone
resorption and failure of bone formation can occur
What is the name of the law that explains why your fixation construct cannot be too rigid? -
ANSWER:Wolff's law
What is Wolff's law? - ANSWER:Bone remodels according to the stresses and strains applied to it, such
that bone is formed where stresses require its presence and resorbed where stresses do not require it
What is the overall objective to fracture stabilization? - ANSWER:To stabilize the fragments and to
prevent displacement, angulation and rotation
What are the 3 ideal goals of fracture stabilization? - ANSWER:1. Accomplish uninterrupted stabilization
at the time of the original surgery
2. Permit early ambulation
3. Permit the use of as many joints as possible during the healing period
What are some primary fixation options for fractures? - ANSWER:1. External coaptation
2. Internal fixation (plates and screws, interlocking nails, IM pins)
3. External fixation
4. Combinations (ie. plate rod construct or ESF with tie in IM pin)
What are some ancillary fixation (not primary) options for fractures? - ANSWER:1. Cerclage
2. K wires
3. Lag screws
, 4. Position screws
What two ancillary fixation options can be used as primary fixation in selected specific fractures? -
ANSWER:K wires and lag screws
When can K wires be used as a primary fixation method? - ANSWER:Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
When can lag screws be used as a primary fixation method? - ANSWER:For lateral humeral condylar
fractures
This is one of the most commonly fractured bones: - ANSWER:Femur
This is the gold standard general fixation technique for the femur: - ANSWER:Internal fixation
Why is external coaptation usually inappropriate for femur fixation? - ANSWER:Because the femur is
largely precluded anatomically
Why is external coaptation usually inappropriate for humerus fixation? - ANSWER:Because adequate
fracture reduction is generally not possible
Is external coaptation appropriate for the tibia? - ANSWER:Yes if criteria are met
Is external coaptation appropriate for the femur? - ANSWER:No
Is external coaptation appropriate for the humerus? - ANSWER:No
Is ESF appropriate for the humerus? - ANSWER:Yes
Is ESF appropriate for the femur? - ANSWER:No
Is ESF appropriate for the tibia? - ANSWER:Yes
Why is ESF usually inappropriate for femur fixation? - ANSWER:Pins will have to go through extensive
musculature and soft tissue
What is the most common method of fixation for femoral fractures? - ANSWER:Plate rod construct
What is the most common method of fixation for radius and ulna fractures? - ANSWER:Bone plate +/- lag
screws
If you had to use ESF for the femur, you are limited to placing it on this aspect: - ANSWER:Lateral
When using ESF for the tibia, what aspect do you place it on? - ANSWER:Medial
When using ESF for the radius, what aspect do you place it on? - ANSWER:Medial
When using ESF for the humerus, what aspect do you place it on? - ANSWER:Proximolateral
What region of the humerus is unsafe for ESF? - ANSWER:Central region
If you had to use ESF for the femur, you are limited to using this type of ESF: - ANSWER:Unilateral
uniplanar (type Ia)
If you had to use ESF for the humerus, you are limited to using this type of ESF: - ANSWER:Unilateral
uniplanar (type Ia)
Guide :Latest Updated: Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the Family:NR 566 Week 6 Discussion:NR
566 Final Exam Study Guide: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8- Advanced Pharmacology
What are the various fracture forces acting on a fracture? - ANSWER:Compression, shear, bending,
torsion, tension
Bone heals through formation of what? - ANSWER:Progressively stiffer tissue types
What are some things that can damage the fragile tissue crossing a fracture gap? - ANSWER:Internal
stresses and strains
What is the issue with trying to fixate a fracture that is more chronic and has already gone on to heal? -
ANSWER:Chronic fractures are less tolerant of strain and are stiffer and are therefore harder to reduce
Bone formation requires a low strain or high strain environment? - ANSWER:Low strain
What is the ideal strain that should be on a fracture site for proper bone formation? - ANSWER:<2%
Why can you not use the most rigid stabilization for all fracture configurations? - ANSWER:Because if the
fracture site is shielded from mechanical stresses with excessively rigid fixation, excessive bone
resorption and failure of bone formation can occur
What is the name of the law that explains why your fixation construct cannot be too rigid? -
ANSWER:Wolff's law
What is Wolff's law? - ANSWER:Bone remodels according to the stresses and strains applied to it, such
that bone is formed where stresses require its presence and resorbed where stresses do not require it
What is the overall objective to fracture stabilization? - ANSWER:To stabilize the fragments and to
prevent displacement, angulation and rotation
What are the 3 ideal goals of fracture stabilization? - ANSWER:1. Accomplish uninterrupted stabilization
at the time of the original surgery
2. Permit early ambulation
3. Permit the use of as many joints as possible during the healing period
What are some primary fixation options for fractures? - ANSWER:1. External coaptation
2. Internal fixation (plates and screws, interlocking nails, IM pins)
3. External fixation
4. Combinations (ie. plate rod construct or ESF with tie in IM pin)
What are some ancillary fixation (not primary) options for fractures? - ANSWER:1. Cerclage
2. K wires
3. Lag screws
, 4. Position screws
What two ancillary fixation options can be used as primary fixation in selected specific fractures? -
ANSWER:K wires and lag screws
When can K wires be used as a primary fixation method? - ANSWER:Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
When can lag screws be used as a primary fixation method? - ANSWER:For lateral humeral condylar
fractures
This is one of the most commonly fractured bones: - ANSWER:Femur
This is the gold standard general fixation technique for the femur: - ANSWER:Internal fixation
Why is external coaptation usually inappropriate for femur fixation? - ANSWER:Because the femur is
largely precluded anatomically
Why is external coaptation usually inappropriate for humerus fixation? - ANSWER:Because adequate
fracture reduction is generally not possible
Is external coaptation appropriate for the tibia? - ANSWER:Yes if criteria are met
Is external coaptation appropriate for the femur? - ANSWER:No
Is external coaptation appropriate for the humerus? - ANSWER:No
Is ESF appropriate for the humerus? - ANSWER:Yes
Is ESF appropriate for the femur? - ANSWER:No
Is ESF appropriate for the tibia? - ANSWER:Yes
Why is ESF usually inappropriate for femur fixation? - ANSWER:Pins will have to go through extensive
musculature and soft tissue
What is the most common method of fixation for femoral fractures? - ANSWER:Plate rod construct
What is the most common method of fixation for radius and ulna fractures? - ANSWER:Bone plate +/- lag
screws
If you had to use ESF for the femur, you are limited to placing it on this aspect: - ANSWER:Lateral
When using ESF for the tibia, what aspect do you place it on? - ANSWER:Medial
When using ESF for the radius, what aspect do you place it on? - ANSWER:Medial
When using ESF for the humerus, what aspect do you place it on? - ANSWER:Proximolateral
What region of the humerus is unsafe for ESF? - ANSWER:Central region
If you had to use ESF for the femur, you are limited to using this type of ESF: - ANSWER:Unilateral
uniplanar (type Ia)
If you had to use ESF for the humerus, you are limited to using this type of ESF: - ANSWER:Unilateral
uniplanar (type Ia)
