Test Bank Complete_ Vander’s Human Physiology 16th
Edition, (2024) By Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Hershel Raff &
Kevin T. Strang Dr. All Chapters 1-19| Newest| Correct
Questions With Rationale in Every Answers
Which blood vessel layer secretes paracrine factors, which participate in the
regulation of blood pressure and blood vessel growth? - ANSWEREndothelium
White blood cells are generally too large to pass through capillaries. What route
must they follow to move from the arterial to the venous circulation? -
ANSWERMetarterioles
What type of tissue, present in the walls of blood vessels, allows for regulation of
vessel diameter? - ANSWERSmooth Muscle
Perfusion is - ANSWERblood flow through an organ
The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the
surrounding interstitial fluids are the - ANSWERvenules and capillaries
Angiogenesis is - ANSWERthe growth of new blood vessels
Cerebral capillaries are surrounded by ________ and glial cells and have tight
junctions that create the ________. - ANSWERpericytes, BBB
Venules are similar to capillaries: they have ________ epithelium and only small
amounts of ________. - ANSWERa thin exchange, connective tissue
What maintains the driving pressure on blood while the heart is not contracting
(ventricular diastole)? - ANSWERRecoil of the elastic arteries
Which is the correct relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance? -
ANSWERPressure ~ Flow x Resistance
Mean arterial pressure is equal to diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse
pressure. An equivalent equation is MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP. Why is diastolic blood
pressure a larger component of MAP than systolic blood pressure? - ANSWERThe
heart spends more time in diastole than systole; therefore, the equation reflects the
difference in time.
Using a sphygmomanometer, a nurse measures a patient's blood pressure as 134/86.
What is the patient's pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure? - ANSWERPP = 48
mmHG MAP = 102 mmHG
,What compensatory mechanisms are available to help maintain blood pressure
when a large volume of blood is lost, such as during a hemorrhage? -
ANSWERVasoconstriction, increased thirst, and decreased renal fluid output in the
urine
What effect would an increase in blood volume have on the resistance to blood
flow? - ANSWERNothing, they are not directly linked
What effect would an increase in venous tone have on mean arterial pressure? -
ANSWERIt would increase it by shifting blood from the veins to the arteries
Blood pressure can be measured with a sphygmomanometer. When the display
indicates diastolic pressure, what is heard through the stethoscope. Why? -
ANSWERNothing is heard because blood flow is smooth through the fully open
artery.
What is the role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation? - ANSWERThe kidney
can eliminate water to decrease blood volume or it can conserve water to maintain
blood volume.
The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is important because - ANSWERIt represents the
driving pressure for blood flow
Which of the following is occurring during systole? - ANSWERBP increases and more
stress is placed on arterial walls
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the -
ANSWERPulse pressure
All of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure - ANSWERdecrease in
arterial diameter, increase in arterial resistance, sympathetic stimulation
What is the mechanism behind myogenic autoregulation in vascular smooth muscle?
- ANSWERWhen cells stretch, mechanically gated cation channels open, depolarizing
the cell, resulting in contraction
Which paracrine acts as a vasoconstrictor? - ANSWERSerotonin (Kinins, Adenosine &
Histamine are vasodilators)
What causes active hyperemia? - ANSWERIncreased metabolism results in a local
increase in CO2
Which type of vessel changes most to regulate resistance to blood flow. Why? -
ANSWERArterioles b/c of the large amount of smooth muscle in their walls
, Which changes in paracrines cause vasodilation? What is the result? -
ANSWERDecreased O2, increased CO2, increased H+, increased NO, result in
increased blood flow.
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the - ANSWERlevel of carbon dioxide at the
tissue increases.
The vessels that are the main site of variable resistance in the circulatory system,
and that contribute more than 60% of the total resistance, are the -
ANSWERarterioles
At rest, the majority of blood flows through the - ANSWERliver and digestive tract
The matching of blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of a tissue is due to -
ANSWERlocal control
The bone marrow, the liver, and the spleen do NOT have traditional capillaries.
Instead, they have modified vessels called ________ that are ________ than a
capillary - ANSWERsinusoids, wider
Which of the following cardiovascular control factors contribute to changes in blood
pressure? - ANSWERforce of cardiac contraction, heart rate, blood vessel diameter
(cardiac factors!!)
MAP ~ - ANSWERCO x Total peripheral resistance
Which of the following neurotransmitters will play a role in the regulation of blood
pressure by creating a change in cardiovascular function? - ANSWEREphinephrine,
norepinephrine, acetylcholine
Which of the following are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system when
blood pressure is too high? - ANSWERdecrease heart rate
Why is the velocity of blood lowest in the capillaries as compared to all other types
of vessels? - ANSWERThe capillaries have the largest cross sectional area
What is the mechanism by which bulk flow occurs at the capillaries? -
ANSWERRelatively higher hydrostatic pressure on the arterial end of the capillary
and relatively higher colloid oncotic pressure on the venous end results in net flow
out of the capillary.
If a person's lymph vessels suddenly vanished (an impossible scenario), what impact
would this have on the circulatory system? - ANSWERBlood volume and BP would
decrease
Edition, (2024) By Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Hershel Raff &
Kevin T. Strang Dr. All Chapters 1-19| Newest| Correct
Questions With Rationale in Every Answers
Which blood vessel layer secretes paracrine factors, which participate in the
regulation of blood pressure and blood vessel growth? - ANSWEREndothelium
White blood cells are generally too large to pass through capillaries. What route
must they follow to move from the arterial to the venous circulation? -
ANSWERMetarterioles
What type of tissue, present in the walls of blood vessels, allows for regulation of
vessel diameter? - ANSWERSmooth Muscle
Perfusion is - ANSWERblood flow through an organ
The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the
surrounding interstitial fluids are the - ANSWERvenules and capillaries
Angiogenesis is - ANSWERthe growth of new blood vessels
Cerebral capillaries are surrounded by ________ and glial cells and have tight
junctions that create the ________. - ANSWERpericytes, BBB
Venules are similar to capillaries: they have ________ epithelium and only small
amounts of ________. - ANSWERa thin exchange, connective tissue
What maintains the driving pressure on blood while the heart is not contracting
(ventricular diastole)? - ANSWERRecoil of the elastic arteries
Which is the correct relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance? -
ANSWERPressure ~ Flow x Resistance
Mean arterial pressure is equal to diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse
pressure. An equivalent equation is MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP. Why is diastolic blood
pressure a larger component of MAP than systolic blood pressure? - ANSWERThe
heart spends more time in diastole than systole; therefore, the equation reflects the
difference in time.
Using a sphygmomanometer, a nurse measures a patient's blood pressure as 134/86.
What is the patient's pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure? - ANSWERPP = 48
mmHG MAP = 102 mmHG
,What compensatory mechanisms are available to help maintain blood pressure
when a large volume of blood is lost, such as during a hemorrhage? -
ANSWERVasoconstriction, increased thirst, and decreased renal fluid output in the
urine
What effect would an increase in blood volume have on the resistance to blood
flow? - ANSWERNothing, they are not directly linked
What effect would an increase in venous tone have on mean arterial pressure? -
ANSWERIt would increase it by shifting blood from the veins to the arteries
Blood pressure can be measured with a sphygmomanometer. When the display
indicates diastolic pressure, what is heard through the stethoscope. Why? -
ANSWERNothing is heard because blood flow is smooth through the fully open
artery.
What is the role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation? - ANSWERThe kidney
can eliminate water to decrease blood volume or it can conserve water to maintain
blood volume.
The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is important because - ANSWERIt represents the
driving pressure for blood flow
Which of the following is occurring during systole? - ANSWERBP increases and more
stress is placed on arterial walls
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the -
ANSWERPulse pressure
All of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure - ANSWERdecrease in
arterial diameter, increase in arterial resistance, sympathetic stimulation
What is the mechanism behind myogenic autoregulation in vascular smooth muscle?
- ANSWERWhen cells stretch, mechanically gated cation channels open, depolarizing
the cell, resulting in contraction
Which paracrine acts as a vasoconstrictor? - ANSWERSerotonin (Kinins, Adenosine &
Histamine are vasodilators)
What causes active hyperemia? - ANSWERIncreased metabolism results in a local
increase in CO2
Which type of vessel changes most to regulate resistance to blood flow. Why? -
ANSWERArterioles b/c of the large amount of smooth muscle in their walls
, Which changes in paracrines cause vasodilation? What is the result? -
ANSWERDecreased O2, increased CO2, increased H+, increased NO, result in
increased blood flow.
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the - ANSWERlevel of carbon dioxide at the
tissue increases.
The vessels that are the main site of variable resistance in the circulatory system,
and that contribute more than 60% of the total resistance, are the -
ANSWERarterioles
At rest, the majority of blood flows through the - ANSWERliver and digestive tract
The matching of blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of a tissue is due to -
ANSWERlocal control
The bone marrow, the liver, and the spleen do NOT have traditional capillaries.
Instead, they have modified vessels called ________ that are ________ than a
capillary - ANSWERsinusoids, wider
Which of the following cardiovascular control factors contribute to changes in blood
pressure? - ANSWERforce of cardiac contraction, heart rate, blood vessel diameter
(cardiac factors!!)
MAP ~ - ANSWERCO x Total peripheral resistance
Which of the following neurotransmitters will play a role in the regulation of blood
pressure by creating a change in cardiovascular function? - ANSWEREphinephrine,
norepinephrine, acetylcholine
Which of the following are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system when
blood pressure is too high? - ANSWERdecrease heart rate
Why is the velocity of blood lowest in the capillaries as compared to all other types
of vessels? - ANSWERThe capillaries have the largest cross sectional area
What is the mechanism by which bulk flow occurs at the capillaries? -
ANSWERRelatively higher hydrostatic pressure on the arterial end of the capillary
and relatively higher colloid oncotic pressure on the venous end results in net flow
out of the capillary.
If a person's lymph vessels suddenly vanished (an impossible scenario), what impact
would this have on the circulatory system? - ANSWERBlood volume and BP would
decrease
