Test Bank Complete_ Business and Society:
Stakeholders, Ethics Public Policy 17th Edition, (2022)
By Anne T. Lawrence & James Weber All Chapters 1-
19| Complete Solutions
Diversity council - ANSWERA group of managers and employees responsible for
developing and implementing specific action plans to meet an organization's
diversity goals. (See also Diversity.)
Occupational segregation - ANSWERThe inequitable concentration of a group, such a
minorities or women, in particular job categories.
Employee assistance programs (EAPs) - ANSWERCompany-sponsored programs to
assist employees with alcohol abuse, drug abuse, mental health, and other
problems.
Ergonomics - ANSWERAdapting work tasks, working conditions, and equipment to
minimize worker injury or stress.
Fair labor standards - ANSWERRules that establish minimum acceptable standards
for the conditions under which a company's employees (or the employees of its
suppliers or subcontractors) will work. For example, such standards might include a
ban on child labor, establishment of maximum work hours per week, or a
commitment to pay wages above a certain minimum level.
Social contract - ANSWERAn implied understanding between an organization and its
stakeholders as to how they will act toward one another.
Eco-efficiency - ANSWEROccurs when businesses or societies are simultaneously
economically efficient and environmentally responsible.
Ecological footprint - ANSWEROne method of measuring the earth's carrying
capacity, and how far human society has exceeded it.
Industrial ecology - ANSWERDesigning factories and distribution systems as if they
were self-contained ecosystems, such as using waste from one process as raw
material for another.
Kyoto Protocol - ANSWERAn international treaty negotiated in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan,
that committed its signatories to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, such as
carbon dioxide.
Life-cycle analysis - ANSWERCollecting information on the lifelong environmental
impact of a product in order to minimize its adverse impacts at all stages, including
design, manufacture, use, and disposal.
, Limits to growth hypothesis - ANSWERThe idea that human society is now exceeding
the carrying capacity of the earth's ecosystem and that unless corrective action is
taken soon, catastrophic consequences will result. (See also Carrying capacity.)
Montreal Protocol - ANSWERAn international treaty limiting the manufacture and
use of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting chemicals. (See also Ozone.)
Sustainable development - ANSWERThis term refers to development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
Command and control regulation - ANSWERA regulatory approach where the
government "commands" companies to meet specific standards (such as amounts of
particular pollutants) and "controls" the methods (such as technology) used to
achieve these standards. This approach is often contrasted with market-based
regulatory approaches where the government establishes general goals and allows
companies to use the most cost-effective methods possible to achieve them.
Ecologically sustainable organization (ESO) - ANSWERA business that operates in a
way that is consistent with the principle of sustainable development. (See also
Sustainable development.)
Environmental partnerships - ANSWERA voluntary, collaborative partnership
between or among businesses, government regulators, and environmental
organizations to achieve specific environmental goals.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - ANSWERThe United States federal
government agency responsible for most environmental regulation and
enforcement.
Environmental standards - ANSWERStandard amounts of particular pollutants
allowable by law.
Greening of management - ANSWERThe process by which managers become more
proactive with respect to environmental issues.
Green marketing - ANSWERA concept that describes the creation, promotion, and
sale of environmentally safe products and services by business.
Market-based mechanism - ANSWERA form of regulation, used in environmental
policy, that uses market mechanisms to control corporate behavior.
Source reduction - ANSWERA business strategy to prevent or reduce pollution at the
source, rather than to dispose of or treat pollution after it has been produced. (Also
known as pollution prevention.)
Stakeholders, Ethics Public Policy 17th Edition, (2022)
By Anne T. Lawrence & James Weber All Chapters 1-
19| Complete Solutions
Diversity council - ANSWERA group of managers and employees responsible for
developing and implementing specific action plans to meet an organization's
diversity goals. (See also Diversity.)
Occupational segregation - ANSWERThe inequitable concentration of a group, such a
minorities or women, in particular job categories.
Employee assistance programs (EAPs) - ANSWERCompany-sponsored programs to
assist employees with alcohol abuse, drug abuse, mental health, and other
problems.
Ergonomics - ANSWERAdapting work tasks, working conditions, and equipment to
minimize worker injury or stress.
Fair labor standards - ANSWERRules that establish minimum acceptable standards
for the conditions under which a company's employees (or the employees of its
suppliers or subcontractors) will work. For example, such standards might include a
ban on child labor, establishment of maximum work hours per week, or a
commitment to pay wages above a certain minimum level.
Social contract - ANSWERAn implied understanding between an organization and its
stakeholders as to how they will act toward one another.
Eco-efficiency - ANSWEROccurs when businesses or societies are simultaneously
economically efficient and environmentally responsible.
Ecological footprint - ANSWEROne method of measuring the earth's carrying
capacity, and how far human society has exceeded it.
Industrial ecology - ANSWERDesigning factories and distribution systems as if they
were self-contained ecosystems, such as using waste from one process as raw
material for another.
Kyoto Protocol - ANSWERAn international treaty negotiated in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan,
that committed its signatories to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, such as
carbon dioxide.
Life-cycle analysis - ANSWERCollecting information on the lifelong environmental
impact of a product in order to minimize its adverse impacts at all stages, including
design, manufacture, use, and disposal.
, Limits to growth hypothesis - ANSWERThe idea that human society is now exceeding
the carrying capacity of the earth's ecosystem and that unless corrective action is
taken soon, catastrophic consequences will result. (See also Carrying capacity.)
Montreal Protocol - ANSWERAn international treaty limiting the manufacture and
use of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting chemicals. (See also Ozone.)
Sustainable development - ANSWERThis term refers to development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
Command and control regulation - ANSWERA regulatory approach where the
government "commands" companies to meet specific standards (such as amounts of
particular pollutants) and "controls" the methods (such as technology) used to
achieve these standards. This approach is often contrasted with market-based
regulatory approaches where the government establishes general goals and allows
companies to use the most cost-effective methods possible to achieve them.
Ecologically sustainable organization (ESO) - ANSWERA business that operates in a
way that is consistent with the principle of sustainable development. (See also
Sustainable development.)
Environmental partnerships - ANSWERA voluntary, collaborative partnership
between or among businesses, government regulators, and environmental
organizations to achieve specific environmental goals.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - ANSWERThe United States federal
government agency responsible for most environmental regulation and
enforcement.
Environmental standards - ANSWERStandard amounts of particular pollutants
allowable by law.
Greening of management - ANSWERThe process by which managers become more
proactive with respect to environmental issues.
Green marketing - ANSWERA concept that describes the creation, promotion, and
sale of environmentally safe products and services by business.
Market-based mechanism - ANSWERA form of regulation, used in environmental
policy, that uses market mechanisms to control corporate behavior.
Source reduction - ANSWERA business strategy to prevent or reduce pollution at the
source, rather than to dispose of or treat pollution after it has been produced. (Also
known as pollution prevention.)
