Test Bank Complete_ Fauber's Radiographic Imaging
and Exposure 7th Edition, (2024) By Terri L. Fauber EdD
RT(R)(M) (Author) All chapters 1-10| Newest Version|
Graded A+
Name the 4 layers of x-ray film from the outside to inside. - ANSWER1. protective
layer
2. Emulsion
3. sticky 'subbing' layer
4. polyester film base
Polyester film base - ANSWER- the innermost part of an x-ray film
- Made from polyester, usually dyed blue.
Sticky 'Subbing' layer - ANSWER-3rd layer in xray film
- Attaches emulsion layers o transparent polyester filmbase
Emulsion layer - ANSWER- 2nd layer of xray film
- consists of gelatine with tiny grains of silver bromide and silve halides are
suspended.
- these molecules are light sensitive to x-ray photons and visible light.
- they change their chemical structure when exposed to light.
What happens in the emulsion layer when its processed? - ANSWERThe chemichal
change continues until the silver halide or silver bomide grains that were exposed
lose their ions and become grains of pure silver.
-They appear black when the film is viewed.
Protective layer - ANSWER"supercoat" - gives the film an apple green, fawn or
mauve color when examined in daylight. - Made of gelatin.
Low energy photons= - ANSWERDim light
high energy photons= - ANSWERBright light
What happens to film during exposure? - ANSWER- x,rays will pass through the
patient, some are absorbed, some will scatter.
- When x-ray reaches the film it is made up of lots of different energy levels that
activate the crystals in the screens
- this converts x-ray energy to light
-this exposes the emulsion on the film
, -when the silver bromide crystals are exposed some of the ions emit electrons which
combine with silver ions.
- the ions accumulate at an area called Sensitivity speck, which has a negative
charge.
- the Iionisation of silver bromide allows it to be attacked by developer
-the latent umage will be converted into a visible one
What is the purpose of the developer? - ANSWERThe action of the developer is
needed to complete the process so that the difference between the exposed metallic
silver crystals and the unexposed crystals can be clearly seen.
What is developer? - ANSWERA chemical used to process x-ray film.
What are intensifying screens? - ANSWERThey are flat sheets coated with crystals of
phosphorescent material which are held against the x-ray film within the cassette.
Two types of digital radiography - ANSWERComputed
Direct Digital
Benefits of computed radiography - ANSWER- Imaging plates (IPs) are more sensitive
to radiation than conventional intensifying screens
- CR allows more flexibility with exposure factors
_ Overexposed images can be adjusted on the workstation avoiding the need to
repeat the x-ray
positive contrast - ANSWERHigh atomic number (radiopaque) and appear white on x-
rays
Negative contrast - ANSWER- Low atomic number (radiolucent) will appear black or
Dark.
- Gases such as room air or cylindered N20, CO2, or O2 are frequently used.
double contrast - ANSWERA radiographic contrast technique that uses a combination
of positive- and negative-contrast media simultaneously
When is Double contrast often used? - ANSWERCystography and gastrography
Which is the most common products used for Positive contrast? - ANSWERBarium or
Iodine
Barium sulphate - ANSWERUsed for gut
and Exposure 7th Edition, (2024) By Terri L. Fauber EdD
RT(R)(M) (Author) All chapters 1-10| Newest Version|
Graded A+
Name the 4 layers of x-ray film from the outside to inside. - ANSWER1. protective
layer
2. Emulsion
3. sticky 'subbing' layer
4. polyester film base
Polyester film base - ANSWER- the innermost part of an x-ray film
- Made from polyester, usually dyed blue.
Sticky 'Subbing' layer - ANSWER-3rd layer in xray film
- Attaches emulsion layers o transparent polyester filmbase
Emulsion layer - ANSWER- 2nd layer of xray film
- consists of gelatine with tiny grains of silver bromide and silve halides are
suspended.
- these molecules are light sensitive to x-ray photons and visible light.
- they change their chemical structure when exposed to light.
What happens in the emulsion layer when its processed? - ANSWERThe chemichal
change continues until the silver halide or silver bomide grains that were exposed
lose their ions and become grains of pure silver.
-They appear black when the film is viewed.
Protective layer - ANSWER"supercoat" - gives the film an apple green, fawn or
mauve color when examined in daylight. - Made of gelatin.
Low energy photons= - ANSWERDim light
high energy photons= - ANSWERBright light
What happens to film during exposure? - ANSWER- x,rays will pass through the
patient, some are absorbed, some will scatter.
- When x-ray reaches the film it is made up of lots of different energy levels that
activate the crystals in the screens
- this converts x-ray energy to light
-this exposes the emulsion on the film
, -when the silver bromide crystals are exposed some of the ions emit electrons which
combine with silver ions.
- the ions accumulate at an area called Sensitivity speck, which has a negative
charge.
- the Iionisation of silver bromide allows it to be attacked by developer
-the latent umage will be converted into a visible one
What is the purpose of the developer? - ANSWERThe action of the developer is
needed to complete the process so that the difference between the exposed metallic
silver crystals and the unexposed crystals can be clearly seen.
What is developer? - ANSWERA chemical used to process x-ray film.
What are intensifying screens? - ANSWERThey are flat sheets coated with crystals of
phosphorescent material which are held against the x-ray film within the cassette.
Two types of digital radiography - ANSWERComputed
Direct Digital
Benefits of computed radiography - ANSWER- Imaging plates (IPs) are more sensitive
to radiation than conventional intensifying screens
- CR allows more flexibility with exposure factors
_ Overexposed images can be adjusted on the workstation avoiding the need to
repeat the x-ray
positive contrast - ANSWERHigh atomic number (radiopaque) and appear white on x-
rays
Negative contrast - ANSWER- Low atomic number (radiolucent) will appear black or
Dark.
- Gases such as room air or cylindered N20, CO2, or O2 are frequently used.
double contrast - ANSWERA radiographic contrast technique that uses a combination
of positive- and negative-contrast media simultaneously
When is Double contrast often used? - ANSWERCystography and gastrography
Which is the most common products used for Positive contrast? - ANSWERBarium or
Iodine
Barium sulphate - ANSWERUsed for gut
