FINAL EXAM SCI 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication
control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n)
feedback control loop.
Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals.
autoregulation
The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore,
homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as
organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms.
The normal reading or range is called the
set point.
Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a
blood clot are examples of
positive feedback
The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a
change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called
feed-forward.
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as
homeostatic control mechanisms.
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
receptor, control center, effector
receptor, control center, effector
List the three basic components of a feedback system.
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of
reference?
afferent
Effectors can be described as
organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables.
Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These
include
intracellular, intrinsic and extrinsic
Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes
to regulate cell function?
intracellular regulation
The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as
homeostasis.
The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times
of the day. These daily cyles are called
circadian cycles.
Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in
direction to the initial disturbance, they are
, slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range.
Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining
homeostasis?
Reproductive
If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback
control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions?
Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control
loop?
Transmitter
Homeostasis can best be described as:
a state of relative constancy
Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations.
occurrence, distribution, transmission
intrinsic control
is sometimes called autoregulation
Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought
to be the cause of mad cow disease?
Prion
Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease?
Environment, stress ,lifestyle
The term that literally means self-immunity is:
autoimmunity.
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called:
viruses.
Pathogenesis can be defined as:
the course of disease development
Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex?
Tapeworms
Negative-feedback mechanisms:
minimize changes in blood glucose levels, maintain homeostasis, are responsible for an
increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature
Negative-feedback control systems:
oppose a change
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an
example of:
the body trying to maintain homeostasis.a negative-feedback mechanism.
The body's thermostat is located in the
hypothalamus.
Positive-feedback control systems:
accelerate a change
The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____
feedback.
positive
Which of the following is a basic component of every feedback control loop?
LATEST UPDATE
To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication
control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n)
feedback control loop.
Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals.
autoregulation
The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore,
homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as
organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms.
The normal reading or range is called the
set point.
Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a
blood clot are examples of
positive feedback
The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a
change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called
feed-forward.
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as
homeostatic control mechanisms.
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
receptor, control center, effector
receptor, control center, effector
List the three basic components of a feedback system.
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of
reference?
afferent
Effectors can be described as
organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables.
Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These
include
intracellular, intrinsic and extrinsic
Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes
to regulate cell function?
intracellular regulation
The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as
homeostasis.
The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times
of the day. These daily cyles are called
circadian cycles.
Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in
direction to the initial disturbance, they are
, slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range.
Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining
homeostasis?
Reproductive
If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback
control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions?
Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control
loop?
Transmitter
Homeostasis can best be described as:
a state of relative constancy
Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations.
occurrence, distribution, transmission
intrinsic control
is sometimes called autoregulation
Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought
to be the cause of mad cow disease?
Prion
Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease?
Environment, stress ,lifestyle
The term that literally means self-immunity is:
autoimmunity.
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called:
viruses.
Pathogenesis can be defined as:
the course of disease development
Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex?
Tapeworms
Negative-feedback mechanisms:
minimize changes in blood glucose levels, maintain homeostasis, are responsible for an
increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature
Negative-feedback control systems:
oppose a change
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an
example of:
the body trying to maintain homeostasis.a negative-feedback mechanism.
The body's thermostat is located in the
hypothalamus.
Positive-feedback control systems:
accelerate a change
The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____
feedback.
positive
Which of the following is a basic component of every feedback control loop?
