MCCN SDAP X - Pathophysiology Exam 5 Blueprint
100% Verified
Explain anemia- its causes are multitudinous. -ANWER Anemia can be a condition
characterized by insufficient presence of normal RBC's it may have multiple etiology.
Iron deficiency anemia-ANWER Associated with gradual, chronic loss of blood or
malnutrition. Treatment : Iron preparations; may see microcytic, hypochromic cells.
Folic acid deficiency anemia - ANSWER (Macrocytic) Lack of folate will result in anemia
because the synthesis of RBCs requires folate. Common in elderly and with alcoholism.
B12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER (Macrocytic) With loss of the distal stomach there is
loss of intrinsic factor which facilitates the absorption of B12. Can be autoimmune. It
can be pernicious anemia only if intrinsic factor is missing. It might simply be B12
deficiency anemia if intrinsic factor is present but there is a deficiency in B12 due to
insufficient intake.
Anemia of chronic disease - ANSWER (normocytic) seen in chronic renal failure due to
erythropoietin deficiency, leads to ↓ bone marrow stimulation & ↓ RBC production.
Synthetic erythropoietin can be given to correct this situation.
Anemia in the elderly - ANSWER (Normocytic, normochromic), RBC's are not being
replaced as fast as they are lost, stems cells fewer in number, bone marrow less
responsive to erythropoietin (can be seen w/ heart failure & MI)
Anemia of acute blood loss - ANSWER (Normocytic, normochromic) decreased
hemoglobin, platelet count may go up as body is compensating for blood loss (reactive
thrombocytosis)- Gun shot wound, DIC
Hemolytic anemia - ANSWER (Normocytic) hemoglobin & platelets would be low-
, myelogenous leukemia, ITP, Von Willebrand (VW would be microcytic)
Recognizes laboratory data consistent with the anemias. (H/H &MCV) - ANSWER
Hemoglobin will be low in any type of anemia. Hematocrit will generally be 3x the
hemoglobin. MCV=Mean Corpuscular Volume, which indicates the size of the RBC.
Anemias are differentiated by the size and color of the RBC.
Discusses the potential impact of anemia on cellular oxygenation ANSWER Anemia
causes hypoxia due to inefficient delivery to the tissues related to the reduced number
of "carriers" (low hemoglobin)
Discusses the potential impact of anemia on the development of fatigue ANSWER A
person might or might not have fatigue depending on how low the hemoglobin is, and
how long it took to drop.
Discusses the potential impact of anemia on persons with CAD, angina, dysrhythmia.
Anemia causes hypoxia. A person with anemia will have an increased HR because of its
effort to deliver more oxygen to the tissues. Increased HR causes higher demand for
oxygen in the heart tissue. Poor delivery of oxygen to heart tissue can cause angina.
Hypoxic tissue can also cause dysrhythmia.
Discuss how to treat the anemias. - ANSWER The treatment depends on the etiology for
the anemia. For example, microcytic, hypochromic anemia of iron deficiency requires
replacement of iron and a workup to determine if the person is losing RBCs. If it is
determined that the person is suffering a chronic blood loss then appropriate treatment
has to be given to stop the bleeding. Other treatments may include replacing red blood
cells and blood volume. B12 or folic acid supplement or B12 injection if intrinsic factor is
not available, synthetic erythropoietin.
Describe the role of intrinsic factor in preventing pernicious anemia. - ANSWER Intrinsic
factor is needed to make B12. If B12 levels are low in blood serum, pernicious anemia
will result. This may be due to a weakening of the lining of the stomach or an
autoimmune disease.
Recognizes conditions that lead to loss of intrinsic factor. - ANSWER Intrinsic factor is
100% Verified
Explain anemia- its causes are multitudinous. -ANWER Anemia can be a condition
characterized by insufficient presence of normal RBC's it may have multiple etiology.
Iron deficiency anemia-ANWER Associated with gradual, chronic loss of blood or
malnutrition. Treatment : Iron preparations; may see microcytic, hypochromic cells.
Folic acid deficiency anemia - ANSWER (Macrocytic) Lack of folate will result in anemia
because the synthesis of RBCs requires folate. Common in elderly and with alcoholism.
B12 deficiency anemia - ANSWER (Macrocytic) With loss of the distal stomach there is
loss of intrinsic factor which facilitates the absorption of B12. Can be autoimmune. It
can be pernicious anemia only if intrinsic factor is missing. It might simply be B12
deficiency anemia if intrinsic factor is present but there is a deficiency in B12 due to
insufficient intake.
Anemia of chronic disease - ANSWER (normocytic) seen in chronic renal failure due to
erythropoietin deficiency, leads to ↓ bone marrow stimulation & ↓ RBC production.
Synthetic erythropoietin can be given to correct this situation.
Anemia in the elderly - ANSWER (Normocytic, normochromic), RBC's are not being
replaced as fast as they are lost, stems cells fewer in number, bone marrow less
responsive to erythropoietin (can be seen w/ heart failure & MI)
Anemia of acute blood loss - ANSWER (Normocytic, normochromic) decreased
hemoglobin, platelet count may go up as body is compensating for blood loss (reactive
thrombocytosis)- Gun shot wound, DIC
Hemolytic anemia - ANSWER (Normocytic) hemoglobin & platelets would be low-
, myelogenous leukemia, ITP, Von Willebrand (VW would be microcytic)
Recognizes laboratory data consistent with the anemias. (H/H &MCV) - ANSWER
Hemoglobin will be low in any type of anemia. Hematocrit will generally be 3x the
hemoglobin. MCV=Mean Corpuscular Volume, which indicates the size of the RBC.
Anemias are differentiated by the size and color of the RBC.
Discusses the potential impact of anemia on cellular oxygenation ANSWER Anemia
causes hypoxia due to inefficient delivery to the tissues related to the reduced number
of "carriers" (low hemoglobin)
Discusses the potential impact of anemia on the development of fatigue ANSWER A
person might or might not have fatigue depending on how low the hemoglobin is, and
how long it took to drop.
Discusses the potential impact of anemia on persons with CAD, angina, dysrhythmia.
Anemia causes hypoxia. A person with anemia will have an increased HR because of its
effort to deliver more oxygen to the tissues. Increased HR causes higher demand for
oxygen in the heart tissue. Poor delivery of oxygen to heart tissue can cause angina.
Hypoxic tissue can also cause dysrhythmia.
Discuss how to treat the anemias. - ANSWER The treatment depends on the etiology for
the anemia. For example, microcytic, hypochromic anemia of iron deficiency requires
replacement of iron and a workup to determine if the person is losing RBCs. If it is
determined that the person is suffering a chronic blood loss then appropriate treatment
has to be given to stop the bleeding. Other treatments may include replacing red blood
cells and blood volume. B12 or folic acid supplement or B12 injection if intrinsic factor is
not available, synthetic erythropoietin.
Describe the role of intrinsic factor in preventing pernicious anemia. - ANSWER Intrinsic
factor is needed to make B12. If B12 levels are low in blood serum, pernicious anemia
will result. This may be due to a weakening of the lining of the stomach or an
autoimmune disease.
Recognizes conditions that lead to loss of intrinsic factor. - ANSWER Intrinsic factor is
