HLTH 1001 Exam Study Guide
with 100% correct answers
Causes of maternal deaths worldwide
- severe bleeding
- infections (usually after childbirth)
- high blood pressure during pregnancy
- complications from delivery
- Unsafe abortion
- Disparity and inequality in access to health services
- Reproductive health services can be difficult to access and
expensive for young women
Why the first 1000 days are important
- From pregnancy through a child's 2nd birthday
- Sets stage for persons intellectual development and lifelong health
- when cells, being, body, language, begin to develop
- Reduced biological response (growth and immune function)
- Reduced cognitive function and language abilities
- Lower social and emotional attainment
- Poor nutrition
effects of maternal obesity on fetal and infant health
- Increases risk of maternal death
- Pre eclampsia
- Gestational diabetes mellitus
- higher incidence of fetal distress, still birth, and neonatal death
- long term health effects on the developing child through 'early like
programming'
- lifelong risk os obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension,
dyslipidaemia, behavioural problems, asthma
obesity and microbiome
,- obese individuals with low diversity gained more weight
- children from an obese mother come from a disrupted gut
microbiome and are thus prone to adverse metabolic outcomes
colostrum
- first stage of breast milk
- occurs during pregnancy and lasts for several days after the birth
of the baby
- high in protein, fat soluble vitamins, minerals, immunoglobulins
- protects the baby from bacterial and viral illness
transitional milk
- lasts for two weeks after birth
- high levels of fat, lactose, and water soluble vitamins
- more calories to support growth
mature milk
- 90% water to keep infant hydrated
- carbs, proteins, fats, for growth and energy
human milk banking
- milk donations are pasteurized and pooled
- provided by prescription
DOHaD (developmental origins of health and disease)
- examines how environmental factors acting during the phase of
developmental plasticity interact with genotype variation to change
the capacity of the organism to cope with its environment in later
life
- risk of suffering from chronic diseases depends in part on
environmental influences acting in early life
- ie a smaller baby can cause it to have metabolic diseases in the
adult
, perinatal period
first week after birth
late neonatal period
first month after birth
environment and maternal health
- maternal health and environment can affect morbidity and
mortality in their offspring
epigenetics and inheritance
- fights idea that inheritance happens only through DNA code
- parents experiences, in form of epigenetic tags can be passed
down generations (DNA methylation)
infant and child health
- 75% child deaths are because of neonatal causes, pneumonia,
diarrhea, malaria, measles, HIV/AIDS
- children in developing countries are 10x more likely to die before
the age of 5 then children in developed countries
- most deaths of children under the age of 1 are related to maternal
health and neonatal complications
- many deaths of children between 1-5 are related to environmental
factors
with 100% correct answers
Causes of maternal deaths worldwide
- severe bleeding
- infections (usually after childbirth)
- high blood pressure during pregnancy
- complications from delivery
- Unsafe abortion
- Disparity and inequality in access to health services
- Reproductive health services can be difficult to access and
expensive for young women
Why the first 1000 days are important
- From pregnancy through a child's 2nd birthday
- Sets stage for persons intellectual development and lifelong health
- when cells, being, body, language, begin to develop
- Reduced biological response (growth and immune function)
- Reduced cognitive function and language abilities
- Lower social and emotional attainment
- Poor nutrition
effects of maternal obesity on fetal and infant health
- Increases risk of maternal death
- Pre eclampsia
- Gestational diabetes mellitus
- higher incidence of fetal distress, still birth, and neonatal death
- long term health effects on the developing child through 'early like
programming'
- lifelong risk os obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension,
dyslipidaemia, behavioural problems, asthma
obesity and microbiome
,- obese individuals with low diversity gained more weight
- children from an obese mother come from a disrupted gut
microbiome and are thus prone to adverse metabolic outcomes
colostrum
- first stage of breast milk
- occurs during pregnancy and lasts for several days after the birth
of the baby
- high in protein, fat soluble vitamins, minerals, immunoglobulins
- protects the baby from bacterial and viral illness
transitional milk
- lasts for two weeks after birth
- high levels of fat, lactose, and water soluble vitamins
- more calories to support growth
mature milk
- 90% water to keep infant hydrated
- carbs, proteins, fats, for growth and energy
human milk banking
- milk donations are pasteurized and pooled
- provided by prescription
DOHaD (developmental origins of health and disease)
- examines how environmental factors acting during the phase of
developmental plasticity interact with genotype variation to change
the capacity of the organism to cope with its environment in later
life
- risk of suffering from chronic diseases depends in part on
environmental influences acting in early life
- ie a smaller baby can cause it to have metabolic diseases in the
adult
, perinatal period
first week after birth
late neonatal period
first month after birth
environment and maternal health
- maternal health and environment can affect morbidity and
mortality in their offspring
epigenetics and inheritance
- fights idea that inheritance happens only through DNA code
- parents experiences, in form of epigenetic tags can be passed
down generations (DNA methylation)
infant and child health
- 75% child deaths are because of neonatal causes, pneumonia,
diarrhea, malaria, measles, HIV/AIDS
- children in developing countries are 10x more likely to die before
the age of 5 then children in developed countries
- most deaths of children under the age of 1 are related to maternal
health and neonatal complications
- many deaths of children between 1-5 are related to environmental
factors
