Barrons CCRN Questions Cardiac
1. What causes the S1 sound?: closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2. Where is the S1 sound the loudest?: apex of the heart
3. What does the S1 sound mark?: end of diastole, beginning of systole
4. What causes the S2 sound?: closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
5. Where is the S2 sound the loudest?: base of the heart- right sternal border, 2nd ICS
6. What does the S2 sound mark?: end of systole, beginning of diastole
7. What condition is the S2 sound louder?: pulmonary embolism
8. What causes the S3 sound?: rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle
9. What does the S3 sound indicate?: heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, mitral/aortic or
tricuspid insufficiency
10.What causes the S4 sound?: atrial contraction of blood into a noncompliant ventricle
11.What is associated with the S4 sound?: ischemia, infarction, hypertension, aortic stenosis
12.What is a normal puse pressure?: 40-60 mmHg
13.What is a systolic blood pressure an indirect measure of?: cardiac output and stroke volume
14.What is diastolic blood pressure an indirect measure of?: systemic vascular resistance
15.What does a narrowing pulse pressure indicate?: hypovolemia, drop in CO
16.What does a widening pulse pressure indicate?: vasodilation, drop in SVR, sepsis
17.When are the coronary arteries perfused?: during diastole
18.What is valve open and closure dependent on?: pressure changes in the chamber above and
below the valve. opens if pressure greater in the chamber above and closes if the pressure drops
in the chamber above
19.Is systole high or low pressure?: high, is the ejection
20.Is diastole high or low pressure?: low, is the filling time
21.Is systole or diastole longer?: diastole is 1/3 longer than systole as it needs time for filling
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, Barrons CCRN Questions Cardiac
22.When do murmurs or insufficiency occur?: When the valve is closed
23.When do murmurs of stenosis occur?: when the valve is open
24.What does a systolic murmur indicate for the semilunar valves?: aortic or pulmonic stenosis
25.What does a systolic murmur mean for the AV valves?: mitral or tricuspid insufficiency
26.What does a diastolic murmur mean for the semilunar valves?: aortic or pulmonic
insufficiency
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1. What causes the S1 sound?: closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2. Where is the S1 sound the loudest?: apex of the heart
3. What does the S1 sound mark?: end of diastole, beginning of systole
4. What causes the S2 sound?: closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
5. Where is the S2 sound the loudest?: base of the heart- right sternal border, 2nd ICS
6. What does the S2 sound mark?: end of systole, beginning of diastole
7. What condition is the S2 sound louder?: pulmonary embolism
8. What causes the S3 sound?: rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle
9. What does the S3 sound indicate?: heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, mitral/aortic or
tricuspid insufficiency
10.What causes the S4 sound?: atrial contraction of blood into a noncompliant ventricle
11.What is associated with the S4 sound?: ischemia, infarction, hypertension, aortic stenosis
12.What is a normal puse pressure?: 40-60 mmHg
13.What is a systolic blood pressure an indirect measure of?: cardiac output and stroke volume
14.What is diastolic blood pressure an indirect measure of?: systemic vascular resistance
15.What does a narrowing pulse pressure indicate?: hypovolemia, drop in CO
16.What does a widening pulse pressure indicate?: vasodilation, drop in SVR, sepsis
17.When are the coronary arteries perfused?: during diastole
18.What is valve open and closure dependent on?: pressure changes in the chamber above and
below the valve. opens if pressure greater in the chamber above and closes if the pressure drops
in the chamber above
19.Is systole high or low pressure?: high, is the ejection
20.Is diastole high or low pressure?: low, is the filling time
21.Is systole or diastole longer?: diastole is 1/3 longer than systole as it needs time for filling
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, Barrons CCRN Questions Cardiac
22.When do murmurs or insufficiency occur?: When the valve is closed
23.When do murmurs of stenosis occur?: when the valve is open
24.What does a systolic murmur indicate for the semilunar valves?: aortic or pulmonic stenosis
25.What does a systolic murmur mean for the AV valves?: mitral or tricuspid insufficiency
26.What does a diastolic murmur mean for the semilunar valves?: aortic or pulmonic
insufficiency
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