Pharm Questions and Answers
1. What are maintenance IV fluids?: appropriate composition & quantity needed to preserve
extracellular volume
2. what is the 4-2-1 rule for maintenance IVF?: in 1 hr, a person needs: 4mL/kg for 1st
10 kg
2mL/kg for next 10 kg and 1
mL/kg for remaining kg
3. for every 10 meq of K+ given, what does the serum K+ increase by?: 0.1
4. why does phosphorus need to be given slowly?: it is caustic to veins
5. how is H pylori treated?: 14 days of:
bismuth salicylate
tetracycline
metronidazole PPI
6. what are interferons?: naturally occurring proteins secreted by cells in response to viral
infections
7. what drug classes can be used to treat hep B?: interferons nucleoside/tide
reverse transcription inhibitors (NRTIs)
ribavirin
8. how are interferons given for Hep B?: subq injection
9. what are AE of interferons?: neuro psychiatric GI upset
elevated LFTs
myelosuppression
flu-like syndrome
10.what are the NRTIs used for hep B?: tenofovir entecavir
lamivudine
11.what are AE of all NRTIs?: lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly ***
12.what are specific AE of tenofovir?: renal toxicity, decreased bone density
13.what are specific instructions for entecavirvir?: take on empty stomach
14.what are specific AE of lamivudine?: headache malaise
nausea
vomiting
steatosis
15.what is the MOA of ribavirin?: inhibits IMPDH
16.what are AE/CI of ribavirin?: teratogenic- avoid 6 mo before pregnancy & during
pregnancy
hemolytic anemia
1/
6
, Pharm Questions and Answers
17.what drug classes are used for hep C therapy?: NS3/4A protease inhibitors NSA replication
complex inhibitors
NS5B polymerase inhibitors
18.what are the NS3/4A protease inhibitors used for hep C therapy?: -previr glecaprevir,
voxilprevir, grazoprevir
19.what is the MOA of NS3/4A protease inhibitors?: inhibit NS3/4A serine pro- tease (which is
involved in post-translational processing & replication of HCV)
20.what are the NS5A replication complex inhibitors used for hep C therapy?-
: -asvir pibrentasvir
velpatasvir ledipasvir
daclatasvir elbasvir
21.what is the MOA of NS5A replication complex inhibitors?: inhibits viral replication &
assembly of HCV
22.what are the NS5B polymerase inhibitors used for hep C therapy?: -buvir sofosbuvir
23.what is the MOA of NS5B polymerase inhibitors?: chain termination during RNA replication of
viral genome
24.what drug classes are used to treat primary biliary cholangitis?: ursdo- deoxycholic acid
(UDCA- Ursodiol)
obeticholic acid
25.what is the MOA of ursodiol?: naturally occurring bile acid used to dissolve gallstones &
treat cholestatic liver disease
26.what is the MOA of obeticholic acid?: binds to FXR in nucleus of liver & intestinal cells &
acts as an agonist
increase liver bile flow
27.what drug classes can be used to treat autoimmune hepatitis?: steroids azathioprine
28.how do steroids work to treat autoimmune hepatitis?: induce remission
29.what steroid & dose used to treat autoimmune hepatitis?: prednisone 20-40 mg/day
30.what is the MOA of azathioprine?: antimetabolite that words as antiinflamma- tory agent and
immunosuppressant
31.what drugs are used to treat hepatic encephalopathy?: lactulose rifaximin
32.what is the MOA of lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy tx?: reduces intestinal
production and absorption of ammonia
2/
6
1. What are maintenance IV fluids?: appropriate composition & quantity needed to preserve
extracellular volume
2. what is the 4-2-1 rule for maintenance IVF?: in 1 hr, a person needs: 4mL/kg for 1st
10 kg
2mL/kg for next 10 kg and 1
mL/kg for remaining kg
3. for every 10 meq of K+ given, what does the serum K+ increase by?: 0.1
4. why does phosphorus need to be given slowly?: it is caustic to veins
5. how is H pylori treated?: 14 days of:
bismuth salicylate
tetracycline
metronidazole PPI
6. what are interferons?: naturally occurring proteins secreted by cells in response to viral
infections
7. what drug classes can be used to treat hep B?: interferons nucleoside/tide
reverse transcription inhibitors (NRTIs)
ribavirin
8. how are interferons given for Hep B?: subq injection
9. what are AE of interferons?: neuro psychiatric GI upset
elevated LFTs
myelosuppression
flu-like syndrome
10.what are the NRTIs used for hep B?: tenofovir entecavir
lamivudine
11.what are AE of all NRTIs?: lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly ***
12.what are specific AE of tenofovir?: renal toxicity, decreased bone density
13.what are specific instructions for entecavirvir?: take on empty stomach
14.what are specific AE of lamivudine?: headache malaise
nausea
vomiting
steatosis
15.what is the MOA of ribavirin?: inhibits IMPDH
16.what are AE/CI of ribavirin?: teratogenic- avoid 6 mo before pregnancy & during
pregnancy
hemolytic anemia
1/
6
, Pharm Questions and Answers
17.what drug classes are used for hep C therapy?: NS3/4A protease inhibitors NSA replication
complex inhibitors
NS5B polymerase inhibitors
18.what are the NS3/4A protease inhibitors used for hep C therapy?: -previr glecaprevir,
voxilprevir, grazoprevir
19.what is the MOA of NS3/4A protease inhibitors?: inhibit NS3/4A serine pro- tease (which is
involved in post-translational processing & replication of HCV)
20.what are the NS5A replication complex inhibitors used for hep C therapy?-
: -asvir pibrentasvir
velpatasvir ledipasvir
daclatasvir elbasvir
21.what is the MOA of NS5A replication complex inhibitors?: inhibits viral replication &
assembly of HCV
22.what are the NS5B polymerase inhibitors used for hep C therapy?: -buvir sofosbuvir
23.what is the MOA of NS5B polymerase inhibitors?: chain termination during RNA replication of
viral genome
24.what drug classes are used to treat primary biliary cholangitis?: ursdo- deoxycholic acid
(UDCA- Ursodiol)
obeticholic acid
25.what is the MOA of ursodiol?: naturally occurring bile acid used to dissolve gallstones &
treat cholestatic liver disease
26.what is the MOA of obeticholic acid?: binds to FXR in nucleus of liver & intestinal cells &
acts as an agonist
increase liver bile flow
27.what drug classes can be used to treat autoimmune hepatitis?: steroids azathioprine
28.how do steroids work to treat autoimmune hepatitis?: induce remission
29.what steroid & dose used to treat autoimmune hepatitis?: prednisone 20-40 mg/day
30.what is the MOA of azathioprine?: antimetabolite that words as antiinflamma- tory agent and
immunosuppressant
31.what drugs are used to treat hepatic encephalopathy?: lactulose rifaximin
32.what is the MOA of lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy tx?: reduces intestinal
production and absorption of ammonia
2/
6
