KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
1.What is pathophysiology?: "Pathos" - disease
a. pathology: study of structural and functional changes in cells, tissue,
and organs of body that cause or are caused by disease
b.physiology: functions of human body; cellular and organ changes that
occur with disease and the effects of changes on body function.
2.WHO definition of "health": State of complete physical, mental, and
social well being and not merely absence of disease and infirmity.
3."Healthy People 2020" determinants of health:: 1. Attain lives free of
pre- ventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2.Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities
3.Promote good health for all
4.Promote healthy behaviors across the life span
4.Disease: Acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with
that causes physiologic dysfunction in one or more body systems.
5.Acute: self limiting, more severe
6.chronic: usually greater than 6 months, long term, continuous
7.subacute: between acute and chronic
8.Etiology: cause of disease, what sets disease in motion.
9.Etiology:
Biologic: bacteria, virus
10.etiology:
physical forces: trauma, burns, radiation
11.etiology:
chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
12.etiology:
genetic inheritance: inherited through biological parents
13.etiology:
nutritional excess or deficit: lack of nutrition caused disease, deficit in
nutrition that caused disease
14.risk factors: multiple factors that predispose to a particular disease
, KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
15.congenital defects: present at birth (can be due to genetic influences,
environ- mental factors, maternal viral infections, maternal drug use,
irradiation, gestational position in utero, etc.)
16.acquired defects: caused by events that occur after birth (injury,
exposure to infectious agents, inadequate nutrition, lack of oxygen,
inappropriate immune response, neoplasia)
17.pathogenesis: the sequence of cellular and tissue events that take
place from the time of initial contact with an etiologic agent until the
ultimate expression of the disease.
18.morphology: fundamental structures or form of cells/tissue
19.histology: study of cells and extracellular matric of body tissue
usually under microscope
important in diagnosis of many types of cancer
20.clinical manifestations:
signs: OBJECTIVE manifestation of disease process noted by
observer. ex: elevated temperature, swollen extremity, changes
in pupil size
21.clinical manifestations:
symptom: SUBJECTIVE complaint stated by person with disorder
22.clinical manifestations:
syndrome: compilation of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of
specific disease
23.clinical manifestations:
complications: adverse extension of disease or outcome of treatment.
24.clinical manifestations:
sequelae: lesions of impairments that follow or are caused by disease
25.diagnosis: designation as to the nature or cause of health problem
requires in depth history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests for
determination
26.reliability: extent to which an observation, if repeated, gives the same
, KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
result
27.validity: extent to which a measurement tool measures what is
intended to measure
, KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
28.sensitivity: proportion of people with disease who are positive for
that disease on a given test or observation
29.specificity: proportion of people without the disease who are
negative on a given test or observation
30.epidemiology: study of disease occurrence in human populations,
initially de- veloped to explain spread of infectious disease during
epidemics but now used to study risk factors (age, race, geographic
location, and dietary habits) of persons affected with particular disorder
-Epidemiologic methods help determine how disease is spread, how to
control it, how to
prevent it, and how to eliminate it; used also to study natural history of
disease, evaluate
preventative and treatment strategies, explore impact of different
patterns of health- care
delivery and predict future healthcare needs.
31.incidence: reflects number of new cases arising in a population at
risk during a specified time
32.prevalence: measure of existing disease in the population at a
given point in time
33.morbidity: effects an illness has on a person's quality of life,
persistence and long-term consequences
34.mortality: statistics that provide information about cause of
death in given population
35.studies used to determine risk factors:
cross sectional: simultaneous collection of information necessary for
classification of exposure and outcome status
ex: CAD in smoker vs. non smoker
36.studies used to determine risk factors:
case control: designed to compare people known to have the outcome of
interest (cases) and those not known to have outcome of interest
(control)
ex: maternal alcohol consumption in infants with fetal alcohol syndrome
compared to those without syndrome
1
1.What is pathophysiology?: "Pathos" - disease
a. pathology: study of structural and functional changes in cells, tissue,
and organs of body that cause or are caused by disease
b.physiology: functions of human body; cellular and organ changes that
occur with disease and the effects of changes on body function.
2.WHO definition of "health": State of complete physical, mental, and
social well being and not merely absence of disease and infirmity.
3."Healthy People 2020" determinants of health:: 1. Attain lives free of
pre- ventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2.Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities
3.Promote good health for all
4.Promote healthy behaviors across the life span
4.Disease: Acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with
that causes physiologic dysfunction in one or more body systems.
5.Acute: self limiting, more severe
6.chronic: usually greater than 6 months, long term, continuous
7.subacute: between acute and chronic
8.Etiology: cause of disease, what sets disease in motion.
9.Etiology:
Biologic: bacteria, virus
10.etiology:
physical forces: trauma, burns, radiation
11.etiology:
chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
12.etiology:
genetic inheritance: inherited through biological parents
13.etiology:
nutritional excess or deficit: lack of nutrition caused disease, deficit in
nutrition that caused disease
14.risk factors: multiple factors that predispose to a particular disease
, KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
15.congenital defects: present at birth (can be due to genetic influences,
environ- mental factors, maternal viral infections, maternal drug use,
irradiation, gestational position in utero, etc.)
16.acquired defects: caused by events that occur after birth (injury,
exposure to infectious agents, inadequate nutrition, lack of oxygen,
inappropriate immune response, neoplasia)
17.pathogenesis: the sequence of cellular and tissue events that take
place from the time of initial contact with an etiologic agent until the
ultimate expression of the disease.
18.morphology: fundamental structures or form of cells/tissue
19.histology: study of cells and extracellular matric of body tissue
usually under microscope
important in diagnosis of many types of cancer
20.clinical manifestations:
signs: OBJECTIVE manifestation of disease process noted by
observer. ex: elevated temperature, swollen extremity, changes
in pupil size
21.clinical manifestations:
symptom: SUBJECTIVE complaint stated by person with disorder
22.clinical manifestations:
syndrome: compilation of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of
specific disease
23.clinical manifestations:
complications: adverse extension of disease or outcome of treatment.
24.clinical manifestations:
sequelae: lesions of impairments that follow or are caused by disease
25.diagnosis: designation as to the nature or cause of health problem
requires in depth history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests for
determination
26.reliability: extent to which an observation, if repeated, gives the same
, KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
result
27.validity: extent to which a measurement tool measures what is
intended to measure
, KEISER UNIV-BSN COHORT 8-PATHO WEEK
1
28.sensitivity: proportion of people with disease who are positive for
that disease on a given test or observation
29.specificity: proportion of people without the disease who are
negative on a given test or observation
30.epidemiology: study of disease occurrence in human populations,
initially de- veloped to explain spread of infectious disease during
epidemics but now used to study risk factors (age, race, geographic
location, and dietary habits) of persons affected with particular disorder
-Epidemiologic methods help determine how disease is spread, how to
control it, how to
prevent it, and how to eliminate it; used also to study natural history of
disease, evaluate
preventative and treatment strategies, explore impact of different
patterns of health- care
delivery and predict future healthcare needs.
31.incidence: reflects number of new cases arising in a population at
risk during a specified time
32.prevalence: measure of existing disease in the population at a
given point in time
33.morbidity: effects an illness has on a person's quality of life,
persistence and long-term consequences
34.mortality: statistics that provide information about cause of
death in given population
35.studies used to determine risk factors:
cross sectional: simultaneous collection of information necessary for
classification of exposure and outcome status
ex: CAD in smoker vs. non smoker
36.studies used to determine risk factors:
case control: designed to compare people known to have the outcome of
interest (cases) and those not known to have outcome of interest
(control)
ex: maternal alcohol consumption in infants with fetal alcohol syndrome
compared to those without syndrome
