Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
1. what pathology?: vocal nodules
2. etiology of vocal nodules:
one of the most vf pathologies
typically from long periods of :
common phonotrauma
3. phonotrauma includes a combination of...: high degree of
adduction high subglottal pressure
elongation/longitudinal tension
4. nodules are a benign lesion of the layer of lamina propria:
superficial
5. nodules etiological correlates:
age?
gender?
occupation?
personality factors?
other?: o across
lifespan o adults--
more in females
o professionals w/ high
o vocal demand
o talkative, aggressive
o dehydration, respiratory infections, inflammatory
6. location of nodules: junction of anterior one-third posterior two-thirds
of vf (area of high impact stress)
7. nodules size: 1mm-3mm (usually bilateral)
8. acute (early nodules): may be unilateral, "gelatinous and floppy",
localized ede- ma
9. chronic nodules: bilateral, firm, white, thick with abnormal fibrous
tissue
10. reactive nodular change:
occurs with other
contact with unilateral lesion creates reaction
can develop into a larger and more discrete nodule: mass
lesion contralateral
, Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
11. physiological characteristics
nodules: vocal fold vibration?
glottal closure?
, Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
medial edge?
supraglottic activity?
mucosal wave?: o variable (increased mass and stiffness of vf
cover) o hourglass, posterior gap, anterior gap, complete
o not straight/smooth
o anterior-posterior squeezing, medial placement of false vf
o decreased or absent
12. auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules:
overall severity?: varies from mild to moderate
13. auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules:
(pitch) typical/overall/habitual pitch?
pitch variation?
intermittent features?: o lower
o may be limited
o diplophonia, pitch breaks, voice breaks
14. auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules: (loudness)
overall?
variation?: o may be reduced
o limited
o difficult to initiate voice onset when producing soft sounds
15.auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules: (quality): raspy,
hoarse roughness
breathiness
pressed/ten
se
16.auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules: (endurance): takes breath
at linguistically inappropriate time, short breath groups, quality
deteriorates over time
17.perceptual signs and symptoms nodules: loss of range, loss of
endurance, vocal fatigue, once well formed = discomfort, pain, throat
clearing
18. acoustic characteristics
nodules: speaking fundamental
frequency? maximum phonation
time?
jitter and shimmer?
s:z ratio?: o
decreased
o decreased
, Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
o increased
o higher
19.what pathology?: sessile vocal polyp
1. what pathology?: vocal nodules
2. etiology of vocal nodules:
one of the most vf pathologies
typically from long periods of :
common phonotrauma
3. phonotrauma includes a combination of...: high degree of
adduction high subglottal pressure
elongation/longitudinal tension
4. nodules are a benign lesion of the layer of lamina propria:
superficial
5. nodules etiological correlates:
age?
gender?
occupation?
personality factors?
other?: o across
lifespan o adults--
more in females
o professionals w/ high
o vocal demand
o talkative, aggressive
o dehydration, respiratory infections, inflammatory
6. location of nodules: junction of anterior one-third posterior two-thirds
of vf (area of high impact stress)
7. nodules size: 1mm-3mm (usually bilateral)
8. acute (early nodules): may be unilateral, "gelatinous and floppy",
localized ede- ma
9. chronic nodules: bilateral, firm, white, thick with abnormal fibrous
tissue
10. reactive nodular change:
occurs with other
contact with unilateral lesion creates reaction
can develop into a larger and more discrete nodule: mass
lesion contralateral
, Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
11. physiological characteristics
nodules: vocal fold vibration?
glottal closure?
, Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
medial edge?
supraglottic activity?
mucosal wave?: o variable (increased mass and stiffness of vf
cover) o hourglass, posterior gap, anterior gap, complete
o not straight/smooth
o anterior-posterior squeezing, medial placement of false vf
o decreased or absent
12. auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules:
overall severity?: varies from mild to moderate
13. auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules:
(pitch) typical/overall/habitual pitch?
pitch variation?
intermittent features?: o lower
o may be limited
o diplophonia, pitch breaks, voice breaks
14. auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules: (loudness)
overall?
variation?: o may be reduced
o limited
o difficult to initiate voice onset when producing soft sounds
15.auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules: (quality): raspy,
hoarse roughness
breathiness
pressed/ten
se
16.auditory-perceptual characteristics nodules: (endurance): takes breath
at linguistically inappropriate time, short breath groups, quality
deteriorates over time
17.perceptual signs and symptoms nodules: loss of range, loss of
endurance, vocal fatigue, once well formed = discomfort, pain, throat
clearing
18. acoustic characteristics
nodules: speaking fundamental
frequency? maximum phonation
time?
jitter and shimmer?
s:z ratio?: o
decreased
o decreased
, Voice Disorders Exam 3 Questions and Answers
o increased
o higher
19.what pathology?: sessile vocal polyp
