BIO 1108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Vertebrates first appearance?
Phanerozoic -> Cambrian 540mya
Family Tree of the Animal Kingdom
Chordate 4 characteristics
Notochord
Hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Muscular post-anal tail
Animal Adaptations in order
True tissues < Bilateral Symmetry < Body Cavity < Coelom < Deuterostome (<
Notochord = Segmentation = Jointed Appendages) or Protostome (< Segmentation <
Molting = Jointed Appendages)
Colonial flagellated ancestor (Precambrian era, 700 mya)
1. Colonial flagellated protist with unspecialized cells
2. Certain cells become specialized for feed and other functions
3. A developmental reorganization produced a two-layered animal with a sac-within-a-
sac body plan
Most closely related descendants of the common ancestor of all animals
Choanoflagellates:
Heterotrophic, flagellate eukaryotes which include free-living unicellular and colonial
species
Phylum Cnidaria [4]
1. Radial symmetry
2. Diploblastic
3. Incomplete gut
4. Muscles and simple nerve net
Includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals
Eumetazoa
Tissue present
Clade that includes all animals but sponges
A gut, muscles, and neurons
Acoelomate vs coelomate
Acoelomate: No enclosed body cavity (flatworm)
Coelomate: An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue
completely derived from mesoderm).
All deuterostomes
Some protostomes
Diploblasts vs Triploblasts
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Vertebrates first appearance?
Phanerozoic -> Cambrian 540mya
Family Tree of the Animal Kingdom
Chordate 4 characteristics
Notochord
Hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Muscular post-anal tail
Animal Adaptations in order
True tissues < Bilateral Symmetry < Body Cavity < Coelom < Deuterostome (<
Notochord = Segmentation = Jointed Appendages) or Protostome (< Segmentation <
Molting = Jointed Appendages)
Colonial flagellated ancestor (Precambrian era, 700 mya)
1. Colonial flagellated protist with unspecialized cells
2. Certain cells become specialized for feed and other functions
3. A developmental reorganization produced a two-layered animal with a sac-within-a-
sac body plan
Most closely related descendants of the common ancestor of all animals
Choanoflagellates:
Heterotrophic, flagellate eukaryotes which include free-living unicellular and colonial
species
Phylum Cnidaria [4]
1. Radial symmetry
2. Diploblastic
3. Incomplete gut
4. Muscles and simple nerve net
Includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals
Eumetazoa
Tissue present
Clade that includes all animals but sponges
A gut, muscles, and neurons
Acoelomate vs coelomate
Acoelomate: No enclosed body cavity (flatworm)
Coelomate: An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue
completely derived from mesoderm).
All deuterostomes
Some protostomes
Diploblasts vs Triploblasts
