BIO 1108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
How do fungi use absorptive heterotrophy?
Fungi secrete hydrolytic enzymes into their surrounds that break down complex
molecules to smaller organic compounds that the fungi can absorb into their bodies and
use. Other types of fungi use enzymes to penetrate the walls of cells, enabling the fungi
to absorb nutrients from the cells.
What are hyphae?
Multicellular fungi typically form a network of tiny filaments called hyphae. Hyphae
consist of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the
cells
What is chitin?
Chitin is a strong, but flexible polysaccharide that strengthens the cell walls of fungi
What is a mycelium?
A mycelium is an interwoven mass formed by fungal hyphae, mycelium penetrates the
material on which the fungus feeds. The structure of a mycelium maximizes its surface-
to-volume ratio, making feeding very efficient.
What is Mycorrhizae?
A mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plants.
What are specialized hyphae that allow fungi to have a mutually beneficial
relationship with plants called?
haustoria, these are used by fungi to extract nutrients from, or exchange nutrients with,
their plant hosts
True or false, fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.
False
What supergroup are fungi in?
Unikonta
According to DNA analyses, fungi most closely related to the unicellular protists,
nucleariids. Animals most closely related to the unicellular protists,
choanoflagellates. What can we infer from this information?
This information suggests that multicellularity must have evolved in fungi and animals
independently, from different single-celled ancestors.
What is an example of a single-celled fungus?
Yeast
How do most fungi reproduce?
sexually and asexually through spores
How does yeast reproduce?
asexually, through budding
What are chytrids?
the fungi classified in Chytridiomycota. They are everywhere in terrestrial, marine and
freshwater habitats. Can be single-celled or multicellular. Can be decomposers,
parasites or mutualists. Have flagellated spores called zoospores.
What are zoospores?
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
How do fungi use absorptive heterotrophy?
Fungi secrete hydrolytic enzymes into their surrounds that break down complex
molecules to smaller organic compounds that the fungi can absorb into their bodies and
use. Other types of fungi use enzymes to penetrate the walls of cells, enabling the fungi
to absorb nutrients from the cells.
What are hyphae?
Multicellular fungi typically form a network of tiny filaments called hyphae. Hyphae
consist of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the
cells
What is chitin?
Chitin is a strong, but flexible polysaccharide that strengthens the cell walls of fungi
What is a mycelium?
A mycelium is an interwoven mass formed by fungal hyphae, mycelium penetrates the
material on which the fungus feeds. The structure of a mycelium maximizes its surface-
to-volume ratio, making feeding very efficient.
What is Mycorrhizae?
A mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plants.
What are specialized hyphae that allow fungi to have a mutually beneficial
relationship with plants called?
haustoria, these are used by fungi to extract nutrients from, or exchange nutrients with,
their plant hosts
True or false, fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.
False
What supergroup are fungi in?
Unikonta
According to DNA analyses, fungi most closely related to the unicellular protists,
nucleariids. Animals most closely related to the unicellular protists,
choanoflagellates. What can we infer from this information?
This information suggests that multicellularity must have evolved in fungi and animals
independently, from different single-celled ancestors.
What is an example of a single-celled fungus?
Yeast
How do most fungi reproduce?
sexually and asexually through spores
How does yeast reproduce?
asexually, through budding
What are chytrids?
the fungi classified in Chytridiomycota. They are everywhere in terrestrial, marine and
freshwater habitats. Can be single-celled or multicellular. Can be decomposers,
parasites or mutualists. Have flagellated spores called zoospores.
What are zoospores?
