BIO 1108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
which group is sister taxa to animals
what is an animal?
A multicellular, eukaryotic heterotroph that develop from embryonic layers
what is the nutritonal mode of animals?
they are ingestive heterotrophs with internal enzymes
what is unique about the cell structure of animals compared to other life we have
studied
they lack cell walls and have connective tissue to link and support cells
animal cells are organized into what kinds of tissue
muscle and nervous
what is cleavage and what happens during it
cleavage is the rapid mitosis of cells, leading to the formation of a blastula
what is a blastula
a hollow ball of cells
what is gastrulation
when the wall of the blastula folds inward, creating tissue layers
what does gastrulation create
a gastrula
identify endoderm, ectoderm, and blastopore and gastrula
did animals evolve from choanoflagellates
what evidence do we have that choanoflagellates and animals are closely related
choanoflagellates are morphologically similar to collar cells in sponges and DNA
sequence data indicates that they are sister groups
all animals have true tissues except
sponges
what give rise to tissues and organs of the embryo
germ layers
what layers do diploblastic organisms have
endoderm and ectoderm
what is a coelem
a fluid or air filled space between the digestive tract and outer wall
what forms the coelom
the mesoderm
what forms the digestive tract
the endoderm
what tissue layer lines the coelom and suspends the internal organs
the mesoderm
what are the tissue layers from inside to out
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
some organisms have a body cavity formed from the...
endoderm and mesoderm
, what are organisms called that lack a coelom entirely
acoelomates
how does the cleavage differ between protostome and deuterostome embryo
development
protostomes have spiral and determinate cleavage, while deuterostomes have radial
and indeterminate cleavage
what does it mean when cells are determinate during cleavage
the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is predetermined
what is the difference in spiral and radial cleavage
radial cleavage has cells that are aligned in vertical lines, while spiral cleavage has
blastomeres that are not aligned directly under or beside one another
what are blastomeres
cleavage-stage cells
what are some examples of organisms that have protostome development
mollusks and annelids; they are spiral and determinate at the cleavage stage
what are some examples of organisms that have deuterostome development
echinoderms and chordates; they are radial and indeterminate at the cleavage stage
what forms from the blastospore in protosomes
the mouth
what forms from the blastospore in deuterostomes
the *******
do animals form a clade
yes
do sponges form a sister group to all other animals
yes
what do eumetazoans have that sponges do not
true tissue
do lophotrochozoans form a clade
yes
what are the large clades formed within bilateria
deuterostomia, lophotrocozoa, ecdysozoa
which group contains vertebrates
chordata; apart of the deuterostomia clade
list the clades to which humans belong from least inclusive to most inclusive
what animals are apart of phylum porifera
sponges
do sponges move as adults
no; they are sessile (attached an unmoving)
are there male and female sponges
no; they are hermaphroditic meaning they have male and female reproductive organs
what medical benefits do sponges have
they have given us antibiotics and anti-cancer compounds
how do sponges eat
they are filter feeders
what are the two cell types present in sponges
choanocytes and amoebocytes
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
which group is sister taxa to animals
what is an animal?
A multicellular, eukaryotic heterotroph that develop from embryonic layers
what is the nutritonal mode of animals?
they are ingestive heterotrophs with internal enzymes
what is unique about the cell structure of animals compared to other life we have
studied
they lack cell walls and have connective tissue to link and support cells
animal cells are organized into what kinds of tissue
muscle and nervous
what is cleavage and what happens during it
cleavage is the rapid mitosis of cells, leading to the formation of a blastula
what is a blastula
a hollow ball of cells
what is gastrulation
when the wall of the blastula folds inward, creating tissue layers
what does gastrulation create
a gastrula
identify endoderm, ectoderm, and blastopore and gastrula
did animals evolve from choanoflagellates
what evidence do we have that choanoflagellates and animals are closely related
choanoflagellates are morphologically similar to collar cells in sponges and DNA
sequence data indicates that they are sister groups
all animals have true tissues except
sponges
what give rise to tissues and organs of the embryo
germ layers
what layers do diploblastic organisms have
endoderm and ectoderm
what is a coelem
a fluid or air filled space between the digestive tract and outer wall
what forms the coelom
the mesoderm
what forms the digestive tract
the endoderm
what tissue layer lines the coelom and suspends the internal organs
the mesoderm
what are the tissue layers from inside to out
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
some organisms have a body cavity formed from the...
endoderm and mesoderm
, what are organisms called that lack a coelom entirely
acoelomates
how does the cleavage differ between protostome and deuterostome embryo
development
protostomes have spiral and determinate cleavage, while deuterostomes have radial
and indeterminate cleavage
what does it mean when cells are determinate during cleavage
the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is predetermined
what is the difference in spiral and radial cleavage
radial cleavage has cells that are aligned in vertical lines, while spiral cleavage has
blastomeres that are not aligned directly under or beside one another
what are blastomeres
cleavage-stage cells
what are some examples of organisms that have protostome development
mollusks and annelids; they are spiral and determinate at the cleavage stage
what are some examples of organisms that have deuterostome development
echinoderms and chordates; they are radial and indeterminate at the cleavage stage
what forms from the blastospore in protosomes
the mouth
what forms from the blastospore in deuterostomes
the *******
do animals form a clade
yes
do sponges form a sister group to all other animals
yes
what do eumetazoans have that sponges do not
true tissue
do lophotrochozoans form a clade
yes
what are the large clades formed within bilateria
deuterostomia, lophotrocozoa, ecdysozoa
which group contains vertebrates
chordata; apart of the deuterostomia clade
list the clades to which humans belong from least inclusive to most inclusive
what animals are apart of phylum porifera
sponges
do sponges move as adults
no; they are sessile (attached an unmoving)
are there male and female sponges
no; they are hermaphroditic meaning they have male and female reproductive organs
what medical benefits do sponges have
they have given us antibiotics and anti-cancer compounds
how do sponges eat
they are filter feeders
what are the two cell types present in sponges
choanocytes and amoebocytes
