BIO 1108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Haploid
Cells or structures with one set of chromosomes (e.g., gametophyte, spores, gametes
like sperm and egg).
Diploid
Cells or structures with two sets of chromosomes (e.g., sporophyte, zygote).
Alternation of Generations
A life cycle alternating between a haploid gametophyte phase and a diploid sporophyte
phase.
Sporophyte
Diploid plant stage that produces spores by meiosis.
Gametophyte
Haploid plant stage that produces gametes by mitosis.
Spores
Reproductive cells that develop into gametophytes without fertilization.
Gametes
Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that unite during fertilization to form a zygote.
Fertilization
Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote.
Non-Vascular Plants
Plants without vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) for transporting water and nutrients
(e.g., mosses).
Vascular Plants
Plants with vascular tissue.
Seed Plants
Produce seeds (e.g., gymnosperms and angiosperms).
Seedless Plants
Reproduce via spores (e.g., ferns).
Charophytes
A group of green algae closely related to land plants.
Cuticles
Waxy coverings developed by plants for water retention.
Stomata
Pores for gas exchange in plants.
Rhizoids
Hair-like structures for anchoring non-vascular plants.
Fronds
Large, divided leaves of ferns.
Sori
Clusters of sporangia (spore-producing sacs) on fern fronds.
Cycadophyta
Palm-like gymnosperms with cones.
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Haploid
Cells or structures with one set of chromosomes (e.g., gametophyte, spores, gametes
like sperm and egg).
Diploid
Cells or structures with two sets of chromosomes (e.g., sporophyte, zygote).
Alternation of Generations
A life cycle alternating between a haploid gametophyte phase and a diploid sporophyte
phase.
Sporophyte
Diploid plant stage that produces spores by meiosis.
Gametophyte
Haploid plant stage that produces gametes by mitosis.
Spores
Reproductive cells that develop into gametophytes without fertilization.
Gametes
Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that unite during fertilization to form a zygote.
Fertilization
Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote.
Non-Vascular Plants
Plants without vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) for transporting water and nutrients
(e.g., mosses).
Vascular Plants
Plants with vascular tissue.
Seed Plants
Produce seeds (e.g., gymnosperms and angiosperms).
Seedless Plants
Reproduce via spores (e.g., ferns).
Charophytes
A group of green algae closely related to land plants.
Cuticles
Waxy coverings developed by plants for water retention.
Stomata
Pores for gas exchange in plants.
Rhizoids
Hair-like structures for anchoring non-vascular plants.
Fronds
Large, divided leaves of ferns.
Sori
Clusters of sporangia (spore-producing sacs) on fern fronds.
Cycadophyta
Palm-like gymnosperms with cones.
