BIO 1108 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Why does meiosis result in more genetic variation than can be explained by
mutation alone?
crossing over
At the end of mitosis, daughter cells are ___, whereas at the end of meiosis,
daughter cells are ___.
diploid; haploid
A zygote is:
diploid.
A parent cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells in the
process of mitosis. For mitosis to take place _____.
the parent cell must first achieve a specified size
Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between
cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
When photosynthesis is fully operational under conditions of intense light, the pH
of the thylakoid lumen may be as much as three full pH units lower than the
stroma of the chloroplast. That means that there are __________________
hydrogen ions in the thylakoid compared to the stroma.
1,000 times more
Photosynthesis is the pathway used to synthesize carbohydrates from:
sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
1. Arrange the steps in the Calvin cycle in order from earliest to latest.
carboxylation, reduction, regeneration
2. Leaves absorb the least amount of light in the range of the visible spectrum.
green
3. Photorespiration results in:
the consumption of ATP and the loss of CO2
The pH in the stroma of the chloroplast should be ______ compared to the
thylakoids due to the _______.
higher; higher concentration of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid
The hydrogen ion gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to
_________.
power ATP synthase
Which of the following could be true if a plant cell is exposed to a toxin that
makes the thylakoid membrane freely permeable to hydrogen ions?
There would be no ATP available to drive carbohydrate synthesis in the Calvin cycle.
Which product(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) exported from the chloroplast for use
by the plant cell?
A. triose phosphates
B. sucrose and glucose
, C. RuBP
D. NADPH
triose phosphates
In New Mexico, large expanses of black lava create patches of unique habitat. If,
in every generation, selection favors the darkest colored pocket mice in those
habitats because they are best hidden from predators, this would be an example
of:
directional selection.
The only evolutionary process that leads to adaptive change is:
natural selection
What does it mean to say that an allele is "fixed" in the population?
A. It has been repaired by typical mechanisms in the cell.
B. It is an indication of no genetic variation at that locus in the population.
C. It is an indication of low genetic variation at that locus in the population.
D. It is an indication of high genetic variation at that locus in the population.
E. It is an indication that locus cannot undergo mutation.
It is an indication of no genetic variation at that locus in the population.
If q = 0.4 , what is the frequency of A1A1?
A. 0.16
B. 0.36
C. 0.48
Since q = 0.4 then we know p = 0.6 and because p2 is the genotype freq of
homozygous dominants
then we can say the AA should occur at 0.36 under the H-W
If: RR Rr rr 300 600 100
Then: Whatisq? (Rememberp+q=1)
B. (100+300) / 2000
C.
D. 1-(frequencyofRalleles)
E. BothA.andD.
For the given pop'n we have a total of 2000 alleles (1000 diploid individuals). Then q is
half the alleles in heterozygotes (600) plus all of the alleles in homozygous recessives
(200) divided by the total alleles available in our population given.
OR q is equal to (1-r) because r = freq of the dominant allele A. (200+600) / 2000
Answer: E
In genetics, two organisms are part of the same population if:
they are the same species and are in the same geographic area.
Why can't we measure genetic variation in a population using phenotypes?
A. Only a few traits are encoded by multiple genes.
B. Phenotypes are not determined by genes.
C. The environment can also affect the phenotype.
The environment can also affect the phenotype.
5. Which group would form pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms more rapidly? Is
this a process of natural selection?
A. allopatric; no
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Why does meiosis result in more genetic variation than can be explained by
mutation alone?
crossing over
At the end of mitosis, daughter cells are ___, whereas at the end of meiosis,
daughter cells are ___.
diploid; haploid
A zygote is:
diploid.
A parent cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells in the
process of mitosis. For mitosis to take place _____.
the parent cell must first achieve a specified size
Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between
cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
When photosynthesis is fully operational under conditions of intense light, the pH
of the thylakoid lumen may be as much as three full pH units lower than the
stroma of the chloroplast. That means that there are __________________
hydrogen ions in the thylakoid compared to the stroma.
1,000 times more
Photosynthesis is the pathway used to synthesize carbohydrates from:
sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
1. Arrange the steps in the Calvin cycle in order from earliest to latest.
carboxylation, reduction, regeneration
2. Leaves absorb the least amount of light in the range of the visible spectrum.
green
3. Photorespiration results in:
the consumption of ATP and the loss of CO2
The pH in the stroma of the chloroplast should be ______ compared to the
thylakoids due to the _______.
higher; higher concentration of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid
The hydrogen ion gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to
_________.
power ATP synthase
Which of the following could be true if a plant cell is exposed to a toxin that
makes the thylakoid membrane freely permeable to hydrogen ions?
There would be no ATP available to drive carbohydrate synthesis in the Calvin cycle.
Which product(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) exported from the chloroplast for use
by the plant cell?
A. triose phosphates
B. sucrose and glucose
, C. RuBP
D. NADPH
triose phosphates
In New Mexico, large expanses of black lava create patches of unique habitat. If,
in every generation, selection favors the darkest colored pocket mice in those
habitats because they are best hidden from predators, this would be an example
of:
directional selection.
The only evolutionary process that leads to adaptive change is:
natural selection
What does it mean to say that an allele is "fixed" in the population?
A. It has been repaired by typical mechanisms in the cell.
B. It is an indication of no genetic variation at that locus in the population.
C. It is an indication of low genetic variation at that locus in the population.
D. It is an indication of high genetic variation at that locus in the population.
E. It is an indication that locus cannot undergo mutation.
It is an indication of no genetic variation at that locus in the population.
If q = 0.4 , what is the frequency of A1A1?
A. 0.16
B. 0.36
C. 0.48
Since q = 0.4 then we know p = 0.6 and because p2 is the genotype freq of
homozygous dominants
then we can say the AA should occur at 0.36 under the H-W
If: RR Rr rr 300 600 100
Then: Whatisq? (Rememberp+q=1)
B. (100+300) / 2000
C.
D. 1-(frequencyofRalleles)
E. BothA.andD.
For the given pop'n we have a total of 2000 alleles (1000 diploid individuals). Then q is
half the alleles in heterozygotes (600) plus all of the alleles in homozygous recessives
(200) divided by the total alleles available in our population given.
OR q is equal to (1-r) because r = freq of the dominant allele A. (200+600) / 2000
Answer: E
In genetics, two organisms are part of the same population if:
they are the same species and are in the same geographic area.
Why can't we measure genetic variation in a population using phenotypes?
A. Only a few traits are encoded by multiple genes.
B. Phenotypes are not determined by genes.
C. The environment can also affect the phenotype.
The environment can also affect the phenotype.
5. Which group would form pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms more rapidly? Is
this a process of natural selection?
A. allopatric; no
