Pathophysiology terms and correct definations
dura mater – answer Outer layer of meninges, tough, fibrous, double layered.
dural sinuses – answer Formed by spits in dura mater. Collect venous blood and CSF
for return to general circulation.
mediastinum (what is it) – answer Area of thoracic cavity between lungs. Location of
trachea, oesophagus, heart & large vessels
pericardial sac – answer Fibrous sac, holds heart, double-walled, anchors heart to
diaphragm.
endocardium – answer inner layer of heart, forms 4 heart valves
septum in heart – answer separtes L & R sides of heart
SA node - other name – answer pacemaker
sinus rhythm – answer basic rate of impulses generated by SA node (70 beats per
minute)
location of sinoatrial node – answer right atrium
Where does impulse go to after SA node – answer Spreads through atrial conduction
pathways, resulting in contraction of both atria
AV node - what is it – answer Atrioventricular node. Impulse arrives here after SA node
sent it through atria
AV node - where is it – answer Floor of R atrium near septum. Is the only anatomical
connection between atrial and ventricular portions of conduction system.
AV bundle - other name – answer Bundle of His - other name
ECG - what does it do – answer Records electrical changes sent by conduction
impulses as picked up by electrodes
apoptosis – answer normal programmed cell death in tissues
endogenous – answer originating from within the body
exogenous – answer originating from outside the body
gangrene – answer necrotic tissue infected by bacteria
hypoxia – answer decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues
, Pathophysiology terms and correct definations
iatrogenic – answer caused by a treatment, procedure or error
idiopathic – answer no known cause
ischemia – answer decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue
lysis – answer destruction of a cell
lysosomal enzymes – answer released into tissues undergoing lysis; cause
inflammation and damage to nearby cells and reduced function
morphologic – answer structural
pathogenesis – answer development of the disease or sequence of events involved in
the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
insidious – answer Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, with only vague or mild signs,
but with harmful effects. Ex: "the xx effects of stress"; hepatitis
subclinical – answer pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations exhibited,
perhaps because of great reserve capacity of some organs. Ex: kidney damage may
progress to an advanced stage of renal failure before symptoms are manifested.
latent – answer silent stage, no clinical signs evident. May be called incubation period in
some infectious diseases. May be communicable during this period.
prodromal – answer time in early development of disease; pt know of change in body,
but signs are nonspecific; a stage in infections. Labs tests are negative, difficult to
confirm diagnosis.
manifestations – answer clinical evidence or effects, signs and symptoms, local or
systemic
lesion – answer specific local change in tissue, may be microscopic
syndrome – answer collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one
organ. Usually occur together in response to a certain condition.
remission – answer manifestations of the disease subside
exacerbation – answer manifestations of the disease increase
precipitating factor – answer condition that triggers an acute episode. Ex - shoveling
snow on a cold day may trigger an MI
dura mater – answer Outer layer of meninges, tough, fibrous, double layered.
dural sinuses – answer Formed by spits in dura mater. Collect venous blood and CSF
for return to general circulation.
mediastinum (what is it) – answer Area of thoracic cavity between lungs. Location of
trachea, oesophagus, heart & large vessels
pericardial sac – answer Fibrous sac, holds heart, double-walled, anchors heart to
diaphragm.
endocardium – answer inner layer of heart, forms 4 heart valves
septum in heart – answer separtes L & R sides of heart
SA node - other name – answer pacemaker
sinus rhythm – answer basic rate of impulses generated by SA node (70 beats per
minute)
location of sinoatrial node – answer right atrium
Where does impulse go to after SA node – answer Spreads through atrial conduction
pathways, resulting in contraction of both atria
AV node - what is it – answer Atrioventricular node. Impulse arrives here after SA node
sent it through atria
AV node - where is it – answer Floor of R atrium near septum. Is the only anatomical
connection between atrial and ventricular portions of conduction system.
AV bundle - other name – answer Bundle of His - other name
ECG - what does it do – answer Records electrical changes sent by conduction
impulses as picked up by electrodes
apoptosis – answer normal programmed cell death in tissues
endogenous – answer originating from within the body
exogenous – answer originating from outside the body
gangrene – answer necrotic tissue infected by bacteria
hypoxia – answer decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues
, Pathophysiology terms and correct definations
iatrogenic – answer caused by a treatment, procedure or error
idiopathic – answer no known cause
ischemia – answer decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue
lysis – answer destruction of a cell
lysosomal enzymes – answer released into tissues undergoing lysis; cause
inflammation and damage to nearby cells and reduced function
morphologic – answer structural
pathogenesis – answer development of the disease or sequence of events involved in
the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
insidious – answer Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, with only vague or mild signs,
but with harmful effects. Ex: "the xx effects of stress"; hepatitis
subclinical – answer pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations exhibited,
perhaps because of great reserve capacity of some organs. Ex: kidney damage may
progress to an advanced stage of renal failure before symptoms are manifested.
latent – answer silent stage, no clinical signs evident. May be called incubation period in
some infectious diseases. May be communicable during this period.
prodromal – answer time in early development of disease; pt know of change in body,
but signs are nonspecific; a stage in infections. Labs tests are negative, difficult to
confirm diagnosis.
manifestations – answer clinical evidence or effects, signs and symptoms, local or
systemic
lesion – answer specific local change in tissue, may be microscopic
syndrome – answer collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one
organ. Usually occur together in response to a certain condition.
remission – answer manifestations of the disease subside
exacerbation – answer manifestations of the disease increase
precipitating factor – answer condition that triggers an acute episode. Ex - shoveling
snow on a cold day may trigger an MI
