BIO 1108 DEUTEROSTOMESEXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Echinodermata and Chordata
What two phylums make up Deuterostomes?
radial; indeterminate
Deuterostomes have _____ and _______ cleavage and cell fate at the early stage of
development.
anus
the first mouth of deuterostomes becomes the _____
pinches
In deuterostomes, the coelom forms as the mesoderm germ layer _____ off the gut.
echinoderms
includes sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars, sea cucumbers; bottom dwelling marine
animals; have spines or spikes; endoskeleton provides support and protection
spiny
echinoderm means ____ skin
calcium carbonate
echinoderms endoskeleton is composed of _____
radial
Echinoderms have ____ in adults
water vascular system
system of channels that circulate a fluid similar in composition to sea water; seres as a
kind of respiratory system for echinoderms and enables their movement
tube feet
connect to the water vascular system of echinoderms; act as a hydraulic system--
increasing or decreasing the water pressure in the tube feet which allows the animals to
crawl along the sea floor
Chordata
this phylum shares a number of characteristics including notochords, dorsal hollow
nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail
notochord
lies along the dorsal side of an organism and is composed of dense connective tissue; it
stiffens the back side of the body, providing skeletal support; for most vertebrates, this
structure replaces the vertebral column
dorsal hollow nerve cord
main tract of nervous system and runs down the dorsal side of the body; in vertebrates,
the anterior portion becomes the brain and the remainder becomes the spinal cord
pharyngeal slits
openings in the throat region that are supported by arches of dense, connective tissue,
and in early chordates were used for filter feeding
post-anal tail
, section of the body that extends past the end of the digestive tract (anus) and includes a
portion of the notochord and nerve cord; some chordates retain this as adults but others
do not
lancelets
cephalochordates are ______; aquatic filter feeders that burrow in the sand with their
head sticking out, bringing water in through their mouth and out of the pharyngeal slits,
trapping small particles along the way; retain all chordate characteristics as adults
lancelets and sea squirts
invertebrate chordates
tunicates (sea squirts)
the larvae of this group have all chordate characteristics, but they undergo a dramatic
metamorphosis into a sessile adult that loses its tail and notochord; the pharyngeal slits
remain and expand, functioning in filter feeding in the adult; have two siphon opneings
vertebrata
subphylum including all vertebrates
vertebral column
the notochord was replaced by the _____ in most vertebrates
vertebrae
composed of either cartilage or bone, surround and protect the dorsal nerve cord
cranium
protective case of cartilage or bone surrounding the brain
cephalization; circulatory, respiratory, excretory
vertebrates have extensive ______ and efficient ______, ______, _____ systems
embryos
vertebrates are chordates so their ______ retain all chordate features, but many
features are lost or modified in adults
D
All organisms in Phylum Chordata have...
a) vertebrae
b) a dorsal nerve cord
c) deuterostome development
d) B & C
e) A B & C
fishes
aquatic (breathe via gills), largest vertebrate group; 3 groups
jawless, cartilaginous, bony
three groups of fishes
gills
fishes have ____ that develop from the pharyngeal slits that are used for respiration
jawless fish; agnathans
include hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous skeleton; no jaws or scales; no paired
appendages
hagfish and lampreys
two examples of jawless fish (agnathans)
jaws
hinged structures of cartilage or bone at opening to mouth that evolved from gill arches
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Echinodermata and Chordata
What two phylums make up Deuterostomes?
radial; indeterminate
Deuterostomes have _____ and _______ cleavage and cell fate at the early stage of
development.
anus
the first mouth of deuterostomes becomes the _____
pinches
In deuterostomes, the coelom forms as the mesoderm germ layer _____ off the gut.
echinoderms
includes sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars, sea cucumbers; bottom dwelling marine
animals; have spines or spikes; endoskeleton provides support and protection
spiny
echinoderm means ____ skin
calcium carbonate
echinoderms endoskeleton is composed of _____
radial
Echinoderms have ____ in adults
water vascular system
system of channels that circulate a fluid similar in composition to sea water; seres as a
kind of respiratory system for echinoderms and enables their movement
tube feet
connect to the water vascular system of echinoderms; act as a hydraulic system--
increasing or decreasing the water pressure in the tube feet which allows the animals to
crawl along the sea floor
Chordata
this phylum shares a number of characteristics including notochords, dorsal hollow
nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail
notochord
lies along the dorsal side of an organism and is composed of dense connective tissue; it
stiffens the back side of the body, providing skeletal support; for most vertebrates, this
structure replaces the vertebral column
dorsal hollow nerve cord
main tract of nervous system and runs down the dorsal side of the body; in vertebrates,
the anterior portion becomes the brain and the remainder becomes the spinal cord
pharyngeal slits
openings in the throat region that are supported by arches of dense, connective tissue,
and in early chordates were used for filter feeding
post-anal tail
, section of the body that extends past the end of the digestive tract (anus) and includes a
portion of the notochord and nerve cord; some chordates retain this as adults but others
do not
lancelets
cephalochordates are ______; aquatic filter feeders that burrow in the sand with their
head sticking out, bringing water in through their mouth and out of the pharyngeal slits,
trapping small particles along the way; retain all chordate characteristics as adults
lancelets and sea squirts
invertebrate chordates
tunicates (sea squirts)
the larvae of this group have all chordate characteristics, but they undergo a dramatic
metamorphosis into a sessile adult that loses its tail and notochord; the pharyngeal slits
remain and expand, functioning in filter feeding in the adult; have two siphon opneings
vertebrata
subphylum including all vertebrates
vertebral column
the notochord was replaced by the _____ in most vertebrates
vertebrae
composed of either cartilage or bone, surround and protect the dorsal nerve cord
cranium
protective case of cartilage or bone surrounding the brain
cephalization; circulatory, respiratory, excretory
vertebrates have extensive ______ and efficient ______, ______, _____ systems
embryos
vertebrates are chordates so their ______ retain all chordate features, but many
features are lost or modified in adults
D
All organisms in Phylum Chordata have...
a) vertebrae
b) a dorsal nerve cord
c) deuterostome development
d) B & C
e) A B & C
fishes
aquatic (breathe via gills), largest vertebrate group; 3 groups
jawless, cartilaginous, bony
three groups of fishes
gills
fishes have ____ that develop from the pharyngeal slits that are used for respiration
jawless fish; agnathans
include hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous skeleton; no jaws or scales; no paired
appendages
hagfish and lampreys
two examples of jawless fish (agnathans)
jaws
hinged structures of cartilage or bone at opening to mouth that evolved from gill arches
